{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2020264334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.47.1672","title":"Nontrivial topology and the chiral Schwinger model","display_name":"Nontrivial topology and the chiral Schwinger model","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-02-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2020264334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.47.1672","mag":"2020264334","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10015746"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevd.47.1672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.47.1672","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.47.1672","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190737","display_name":"Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields","issn_l":"0556-2821","issn":["0556-2821","1089-4918","1538-4500","1550-2368","1550-7998"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review D","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018392740","display_name":"Sebasti\u00e3o Alves Dias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9791-1406","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9791-1406"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125245","display_name":"Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas F\u00edsicas","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnmk332","country_code":"BR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125245","https://openalex.org/I4210151455"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebasti\u00e3o Alves Dias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas F\u00edsicas, Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud, 150, 22290 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas F\u00edsicas, Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud, 150, 22290 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125245"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014122406","display_name":"Cesar Augusto Linhares","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125245","display_name":"Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas F\u00edsicas","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnmk332","country_code":"BR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125245","https://openalex.org/I4210151455"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cesar Augusto Linhares","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas F\u00edsicas, Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud, 150, 22290 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas F\u00edsicas, Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud, 150, 22290 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125245"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125245"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2457,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47783983,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"4","first_page":"1672","last_page":"1684"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11683","display_name":"Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics","score":0.6685000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11683","display_name":"Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics","score":0.6685000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10224","display_name":"Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions","score":0.16609999537467957,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10048","display_name":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","score":0.094200000166893,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chiral-schwinger-model","display_name":"chiral Schwinger model","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nontrivial-topology","display_name":"nontrivial topology","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topological-charge","display_name":"topological charge","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bosonization","display_name":"bosonization","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fermion-determinant","display_name":"fermion determinant","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-modes","display_name":"zero modes","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-ambiguity","display_name":"phase ambiguity","score":0.8730000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777922955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4947448","display_name":"Bosonization","level":3,"score":0.8562962412834167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.6904123425483704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52233224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44363","display_name":"Fermion","level":2,"score":0.5514668822288513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5409544110298157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.4914044141769409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4852313995361328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.4448591470718384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77223115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634781","display_name":"Topological quantum number","level":2,"score":0.44019076228141785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652941","display_name":"Hermitian matrix","level":2,"score":0.43565601110458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163845019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5101826","display_name":"Chiral anomaly","level":3,"score":0.41407930850982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.3378782570362091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3089131712913513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20757904648780823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.11335891485214233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.08851933479309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevd.47.1672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.47.1672","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.47.1672","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190737","display_name":"Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields","issn_l":"0556-2821","issn":["0556-2821","1089-4918","1538-4500","1550-2368","1550-7998"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review D","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10015746","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10015746","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical review. D, Particles and fields","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W617981310","https://openalex.org/W1814431860","https://openalex.org/W1963979291","https://openalex.org/W1965338999","https://openalex.org/W1973419362","https://openalex.org/W1980655685","https://openalex.org/W1982940773","https://openalex.org/W1984410998","https://openalex.org/W1985611191","https://openalex.org/W1996549751","https://openalex.org/W2003702521","https://openalex.org/W2019489396","https://openalex.org/W2019784692","https://openalex.org/W2022281739","https://openalex.org/W2034508710","https://openalex.org/W2040053368","https://openalex.org/W2041200932","https://openalex.org/W2074222460","https://openalex.org/W2081802518","https://openalex.org/W2083900745","https://openalex.org/W2089739367","https://openalex.org/W2092414552","https://openalex.org/W2118871533","https://openalex.org/W2139090906","https://openalex.org/W2147538922","https://openalex.org/W2206839359","https://openalex.org/W2503475670","https://openalex.org/W2767036532"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2092414552","https://openalex.org/W2019784692","https://openalex.org/W7045806397","https://openalex.org/W7095965278","https://openalex.org/W7057860953","https://openalex.org/W1580138158","https://openalex.org/W7096216365","https://openalex.org/W3103619185","https://openalex.org/W2117533797","https://openalex.org/W7100074747"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,113],"analyze":[1],"the":[2,25,29,32,53,62,71,80,88,92,101,134,138],"chiral":[3],"Schwinger":[4,139],"model":[5],"in":[6,28,40,49,105],"nontrivial":[7,117],"topological":[8,111],"sectors,":[9],"performing":[10],"its":[11],"complete":[12],"bosonization.":[13],"In":[14],"order":[15],"to":[16,69,76,123],"do":[17],"this,":[18],"we":[19,55],"propose":[20],"a":[21,57,97,109,120],"prescription":[22],"for":[23,36,100,137],"evaluating":[24],"fermion":[26],"determinant":[27],"presence":[30],"of":[31,52,79],"zero":[33],"modes,":[34],"valid":[35],"non-Hermitian":[37],"Dirac":[38],"operators,":[39],"general.":[41],"By":[42],"taking":[43],"fermionic":[44,125],"external":[45],"sources":[46],"into":[47],"account":[48],"every":[50],"step":[51],"calculation,":[54],"discover":[56],"phase":[58,93],"ambiguity":[59,94],"which":[60],"affects":[61],"effective":[63],"action":[64],"and":[65,95],"can":[66],"be":[67],"used":[68],"render":[70],"result":[72],"invariant":[73],"with":[74,108],"respect":[75],"particular":[77],"choices":[78],"topologically":[81],"charged":[82],"background":[83],"configuration.":[84],"Consistency":[85],"requirements":[86],"on":[87],"bosonization":[89],"procedure":[90],"fix":[91],"determine":[96],"unique":[98],"value":[99],"Jackiw-Rajaraman":[102],"regularization":[103],"parameter":[104],"all":[106,124],"sectors":[107,118],"nonzero":[110],"charge.":[112],"thus":[114],"find":[115],"that":[116],"have":[119],"null":[121],"contribution":[122],"correlation":[126],"functions.":[127],"Our":[128],"method":[129],"is":[130],"also":[131],"checked":[132],"against":[133],"analogous":[135],"results":[136],"model.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}