{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2020239995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/659840","title":"Policing the North","display_name":"Policing the North","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2020239995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/659840","mag":"2020239995"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/659840","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/659840","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/659840","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S191292005","display_name":"Crime and Justice","issn_l":"0192-3234","issn":["0192-3234","2153-0416"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Crime and Justice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068700714","display_name":"Cecilie H\u00f8ig\u00e5rd","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cecilie H\u00f8ig\u00e5rd","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068700714"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.2443,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98034975,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"1","first_page":"265","last_page":"348"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":0.9110999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":0.9110999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.08309999853372574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13728","display_name":"Crime, Deviance, and Social Control","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-culture","display_name":"police culture","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-practice","display_name":"police practice","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-tolerance-policing","display_name":"zero tolerance policing","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/problem-oriented-policing","display_name":"problem-oriented policing","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-policing","display_name":"community policing","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nordic-welfare-model","display_name":"Nordic welfare model","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-control","display_name":"police control","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surveillance","display_name":"surveillance","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incarceration","display_name":"incarceration","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-and-policing","display_name":"gender and policing","score":0.4740000069141388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841236","display_name":"Imprisonment","level":2,"score":0.6929311752319336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q316694","display_name":"Rhetorical question","level":2,"score":0.6154316663742065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57473165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315604","display_name":"Resistance (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.5953252911567688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132829578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581151","display_name":"Situated","level":2,"score":0.5831966400146484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776775276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156955","display_name":"Zero tolerance","level":2,"score":0.5231229662895203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.5082054138183594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4654911756515503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42426663637161255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.4197685122489929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4110450744628906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4053712785243988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10302969813346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.07774099707603455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/659840","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/659840","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/659840","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S191292005","display_name":"Crime and Justice","issn_l":"0192-3234","issn":["0192-3234","2153-0416"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Crime and Justice","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9595999717712402,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W116387953","https://openalex.org/W426452630","https://openalex.org/W566538927","https://openalex.org/W572122699","https://openalex.org/W632233941","https://openalex.org/W642710574","https://openalex.org/W657361736","https://openalex.org/W1003737744","https://openalex.org/W1496718292","https://openalex.org/W1603770518","https://openalex.org/W1760220747","https://openalex.org/W1864601120","https://openalex.org/W1922539316","https://openalex.org/W1941762603","https://openalex.org/W1965010061","https://openalex.org/W1977234242","https://openalex.org/W1990545222","https://openalex.org/W2004360663","https://openalex.org/W2019924410","https://openalex.org/W2081385464","https://openalex.org/W2125737793","https://openalex.org/W2170375617","https://openalex.org/W2216526989","https://openalex.org/W2291002582","https://openalex.org/W2327895053","https://openalex.org/W2464750246","https://openalex.org/W2472488470","https://openalex.org/W2474824095","https://openalex.org/W2501126528","https://openalex.org/W2612559104","https://openalex.org/W2625933289","https://openalex.org/W2738319541","https://openalex.org/W2763438210","https://openalex.org/W2796575992","https://openalex.org/W2916940589","https://openalex.org/W3142442681","https://openalex.org/W4231380386","https://openalex.org/W4236773307","https://openalex.org/W4236965084"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481759801","https://openalex.org/W7204182360","https://openalex.org/W4412275240","https://openalex.org/W3112399364","https://openalex.org/W204634509","https://openalex.org/W2892052507","https://openalex.org/W2706620638","https://openalex.org/W2765966901","https://openalex.org/W2122835728","https://openalex.org/W2125303232"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nordic":[0,122,152],"police":[1,33,90,113,123,175],"studies":[2],"have":[3,20,91],"grown":[4],"considerably":[5],"in":[6,163,170,172],"the":[7,30,37,40,59,110,120,128,145,155,174],"last":[8],"15":[9],"years":[10],"and":[11,18,35,63,79,88,96,115,139,166],"especially":[12],"recently.":[13],"Researchers":[14],"from":[15],"many":[16],"institutions":[17],"disciplines":[19],"contributed.":[21],"There":[22,147],"are":[23,124],"three":[24],"main":[25],"lines":[26],"of":[27,39,65,112,154,186],"research.":[28],"In":[29],"strongest,":[31],"on":[32,55,94,102,109],"practice":[34],"culture,":[36],"concept":[38],"\u201cpolice":[41],"gaze\u201d":[42],"has":[43,134,143],"been":[44,92,135],"central.":[45],"Studies":[46],"show":[47],"a":[48,150,160,167,183],"liquid":[49],"culture":[50,60],"with":[51],"great":[52],"variation":[53],"depending":[54],"gender,":[56],"age,":[57],"how":[58],"is":[61,107],"situated,":[62],"forms":[64],"resistance":[66],"to":[67],"change.":[68],"The":[69,104,132],"second":[70],"line,":[71],"mostly":[72],"an":[73,177],"Anglo-American":[74],"import,":[75],"concerns":[76],"new":[77,156],"theories":[78],"methods.":[80],"Concepts":[81],"such":[82],"as":[83],"zero":[84],"tolerance,":[85],"problem-oriented":[86],"policing,":[87],"community":[89],"influential":[93],"symbolic":[95],"rhetorical":[97],"levels,":[98],"but":[99,180],"less":[100],"so":[101],"practice.":[103],"third":[105],"line":[106],"research":[108],"difficulty":[111],"work":[114],"different":[116],"models":[117],"for":[118],"controlling":[119],"police.":[121,146],"heavily":[125],"influenced":[126,144],"by":[127,159,182],"Scandinavian":[129],"welfare":[130],"model.":[131],"model":[133],"under":[136],"considerable":[137],"pressure":[138],"its":[140],"weakened":[141],"position":[142],"may":[148],"be":[149],"distinctive":[151],"version":[153],"penalism,":[157],"characterized":[158],"harsher":[161],"tone":[162],"policy":[164],"debates":[165],"large":[168],"increase":[169],"surveillance":[171],"which":[173],"play":[176],"important":[178],"role":[179],"also":[181],"reserved":[184],"use":[185],"imprisonment.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
