{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2020209550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328007sem0903_1","title":"An Extension of the General Latent Variable Growth Modeling Framework to Four Levels of the Hierarchy","display_name":"An Extension of the General Latent Variable Growth Modeling Framework to Four Levels of the Hierarchy","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2020209550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328007sem0903_1","mag":"2020209550"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15328007sem0903_1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328007sem0903_1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328007sem0903_1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78020522","display_name":"Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal","issn_l":"1070-5511","issn":["1070-5511","1532-8007"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111373337","display_name":"Terry E. Duncan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Terry E. Duncan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110261840","display_name":"Susan C. Duncan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susan C. Duncan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090488846","display_name":"Hayrettin Okut","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4084-8404","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4084-8404"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hayrettin Okut","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057848323","display_name":"Lisa A. Strycker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8264-400X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8264-400X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lisa A. Strycker","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080827647","display_name":"Fuzhong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6644-4702","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6644-4702"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuzhong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4514,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80832282,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"3","first_page":"303","last_page":"326"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10243","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference","score":0.9491999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10243","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference","score":0.9491999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.03689999878406525,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13283","display_name":"Mental Health Research Topics","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/full-information-maximum-likelihood","display_name":"full information maximum likelihood","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescents","display_name":"adolescents","score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-data","display_name":"household data","score":0.5080000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192806908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6495487","display_name":"Latent growth modeling","level":2,"score":0.7040910124778748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53059260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374758","display_name":"Multilevel model","level":2,"score":0.6897002458572388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65965080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806885","display_name":"Latent variable model","level":3,"score":0.678108811378479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.6254566311836243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51167844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4422623","display_name":"Latent variable","level":2,"score":0.6203581690788269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778029271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421931","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","level":2,"score":0.6028271913528442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.5541924238204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5258910059928894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.4792923331260681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.4768722653388977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144986985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q871236","display_name":"Hierarchical database model","level":2,"score":0.4761105477809906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.45129603147506714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.444504976272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32544058561325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.30763503909111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15328007sem0903_1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328007sem0903_1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328007sem0903_1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78020522","display_name":"Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal","issn_l":"1070-5511","issn":["1070-5511","1532-8007"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:50eae300-fbdc-49a5-8715-29361dba149c","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://avesis.yyu.edu.tr/publication/details/50eae300-fbdc-49a5-8715-29361dba149c/oai","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055328","display_name":"Van Y\u00fcz\u00fcnc\u00fc Y\u0131l University Academic Data Management System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337330","display_name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","ror":"https://ror.org/02jzrsm59"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","ror":"https://ror.org/00fq5cm18"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W177281196","https://openalex.org/W180272075","https://openalex.org/W1931027094","https://openalex.org/W1976002371","https://openalex.org/W1981488071","https://openalex.org/W1987381087","https://openalex.org/W2011981966","https://openalex.org/W2046412572","https://openalex.org/W2047292373","https://openalex.org/W2048323149","https://openalex.org/W2051951888","https://openalex.org/W2065754366","https://openalex.org/W2085774183","https://openalex.org/W2086168317","https://openalex.org/W2093754907","https://openalex.org/W2098675614","https://openalex.org/W2123568515","https://openalex.org/W2160088830","https://openalex.org/W2284358449","https://openalex.org/W2323174613","https://openalex.org/W2569591648","https://openalex.org/W2702059149","https://openalex.org/W3082254066","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6823443213","https://openalex.org/W7029323964","https://openalex.org/W7043959962"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2702059149","https://openalex.org/W3100306705","https://openalex.org/W2042350321","https://openalex.org/W2065754366","https://openalex.org/W7100524084","https://openalex.org/W1549725235","https://openalex.org/W2964806803","https://openalex.org/W2966279359","https://openalex.org/W609313093","https://openalex.org/W2160088830"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"a":[3,107,121,126,175],"number":[4],"of":[5,11,35,59,68,76,88,120,177],"statistical":[6,37],"techniques":[7],"for":[8,62],"the":[9,20,55,77,89,166],"analysis":[10],"longitudinal":[12,64,102],"multilevel":[13,103,129],"data":[14],"have":[15],"become":[16],"available,":[17,41],"allowing":[18],"researchers":[19,52],"opportunity":[21],"to":[22,54,72,85],"study":[23],"behavior":[24],"at":[25],"different":[26,60],"levels":[27,87],"(e.g.,":[28],"individual,":[29],"family,":[30],"school,":[31],"neighborhood).":[32],"Although":[33],"many":[34],"these":[36],"approaches":[38,61,98],"are":[39,43],"widely":[40],"they":[42],"still":[44],"relatively":[45],"underused,":[46],"and":[47,57,124,153,162,170,181],"there":[48],"is":[49,71],"uncertainty":[50],"among":[51],"as":[53],"appropriateness":[56],"usefulness":[58],"analyzing":[63],"data.":[65],"The":[66],"purpose":[67],"this":[69],"article":[70],"present":[73],"an":[74,118],"extension":[75,93,119,169],"general":[78],"latent":[79,113,130],"variable":[80],"growth":[81,114,131],"curve":[82],"modeling":[83,115,132],"framework":[84],"4":[86,144],"hierarchy.":[90],"This":[91],"4-level":[92],"merges":[94],"2":[95],"common":[96],"analytic":[97],"used":[99],"in":[100,150],"answering":[101],"research":[104],"questions:":[105],"(a)":[106],"full":[108],"information":[109,128],"maximum":[110],"likelihood":[111],"(ML)":[112],"approach":[116,134],"using":[117,135],"factor-of-curves":[122],"model":[123],"(b)":[125],"limited":[127],"(LGM)":[133],"Muth\u00e9n's":[136],"ML-based":[137],"estimator.":[138],"Data":[139],"comprised":[140],"repeated":[141],"observations":[142],"over":[143],"time":[145],"points":[146],"from":[147,165],"250":[148],"adolescents":[149],"125":[151],"households":[152],"61":[154],"geographical":[155],"sampling":[156],"areas.":[157],"Results":[158],"demonstrate":[159],"comparable":[160],"outcomes":[161],"interpretations":[163],"derived":[164],"hierarchical":[167],"LGM":[168],"regression-based":[171],"techniques.":[172],"Discussion":[173],"includes":[174],"comparison":[176],"techniques,":[178],"encompassing":[179],"advantages":[180],"limitations.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}