{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2020148500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-246x.00116","title":"The evolving concept of \u201cretirement\u201d: Looking forward to the year 2050","display_name":"The evolving concept of \u201cretirement\u201d: Looking forward to the year 2050","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2020148500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-246x.00116","mag":"2020148500"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/1468-246x.00116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-246x.00116","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-246x.00116","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134782007","display_name":"International Social Security Review","issn_l":"0020-871X","issn":["0020-871X","0379-0282","0379-0312","1468-246X","1752-1718","1752-1726"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Social Security Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=309069","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011960108","display_name":"James H. Schulz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6902469","display_name":"Brandeis University","ror":"https://ror.org/05abbep66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6902469"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James H. Schulz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brandeis University, United States","Brandeis University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brandeis University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6902469"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brandeis University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6902469"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011960108"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6902469"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.4477,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98867428,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"1","first_page":"85","last_page":"105"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11631","display_name":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11631","display_name":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10517","display_name":"Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13695","display_name":"Aging, Elder Care, and Social Issues","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retirement","display_name":"retirement","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/future-of-work","display_name":"future of work","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-workers","display_name":"older workers","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/part-time-employment","display_name":"part-time work","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citizen-participation","display_name":"citizen participation","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lifelong-learning","display_name":"lifelong learning","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reskilling","display_name":"retraining","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attitudes-toward-retirement","display_name":"retirement attitudes","score":0.3569999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778712577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505966","display_name":"Retraining","level":2,"score":0.7485145926475525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6981421709060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778139618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13440398","display_name":"Workforce","level":2,"score":0.6459013223648071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780279448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2559380","display_name":"Altruism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6111975312232971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777950569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17021836","display_name":"Stewardship (theology)","level":3,"score":0.5819368362426758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780781376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42138","display_name":"Citizenship","level":3,"score":0.5164044499397278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777288899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1413228","display_name":"Retirement age","level":3,"score":0.4838525354862213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11012388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170658","display_name":"Creativity","level":2,"score":0.4768841564655304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778692574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5410500","display_name":"Faith","level":2,"score":0.47602325677871704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.458156943321228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4266353249549866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194051981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337691","display_name":"Economic shortage","level":3,"score":0.41658732295036316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.35927921533584595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3066641092300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.29311078786849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.18090611696243286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.16945365071296692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.1448238492012024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.12645313143730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.12097513675689697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.11205676198005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09859216213226318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780899237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156223","display_name":"Pension","level":2,"score":0.09115862846374512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/1468-246x.00116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-246x.00116","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-246x.00116","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134782007","display_name":"International Social Security Review","issn_l":"0020-871X","issn":["0020-871X","0379-0282","0379-0312","1468-246X","1752-1718","1752-1726"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Social Security Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:2020148500","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=309069","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:2020148500","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=309069","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.7257999777793884,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585323919","https://openalex.org/W1977999651","https://openalex.org/W1987145043","https://openalex.org/W2007919533","https://openalex.org/W2054231236","https://openalex.org/W3021437256"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W131433922","https://openalex.org/W4241577900","https://openalex.org/W2729497909","https://openalex.org/W7028138057","https://openalex.org/W7131354834","https://openalex.org/W2494684585","https://openalex.org/W2037035328","https://openalex.org/W3037762515","https://openalex.org/W2972324732","https://openalex.org/W2034676706"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Economic":[0],"growth,":[1],"more":[2,95,106],"than":[3],"demography,":[4],"will":[5],"determine":[6],"the":[7,55,63,72,86],"nature":[8],"of":[9,75,85],"future":[10,64],"retirement.":[11],"With":[12],"growth":[13],"has":[14],"come":[15],"a":[16,37],"steady":[17],"increase":[18],"in":[19,28,44,62],"retirement":[20,61,79],"years.":[21],"Now,":[22],"however,":[23],"there":[24],"is":[25],"increasing":[26],"interest":[27],"\u201crolling":[29],"back\u201d":[30],"these":[31],"gains.":[32],"Alternatively,":[33],"some":[34],"scholars":[35],"propose":[36],"different":[38],"framework":[39],"for":[40,57],"evaluating":[41],"\u201cwork\u201d":[42],"late":[43],"life":[45],"\u2014":[46],"one":[47],"that":[48],"includes":[49],"altruism,":[50],"citizenship,":[51],"stewardship,":[52],"creativity,":[53],"and":[54,80,101,108],"search":[56],"faith.":[58],"Attitudes":[59],"toward":[60],"are":[65,94],"likely":[66],"to":[67,92],"move":[68],"sharply":[69],"away":[70],"from":[71],"simplistic":[73],"view":[74],"all":[76],"work":[77,82],"before":[78],"no":[81],"after.":[83],"Some":[84],"resulting":[87],"changes":[88],"we":[89],"can":[90],"expect":[91],"see":[93],"part\u2010time":[96],"work,":[97],"expanded":[98],"\u201ccitizen":[99],"participation,\u201d":[100],"an":[102],"older":[103],"workforce":[104],"with":[105],"training":[107],"retraining.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}