{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2020110969","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.24401","title":"Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis","display_name":"Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2020110969","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.24401","mag":"2020110969","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21547935"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/hep.24401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.24401","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.24401","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156174673","display_name":"Hepatology","issn_l":"0270-9139","issn":["0270-9139","1527-3350"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hepatology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043092617","display_name":"Doris Nguyen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Doris Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA","Mayo Medical SchoolMayo Clinic, Rochester, MN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mayo Medical SchoolMayo Clinic, Rochester, MN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111692944","display_name":"Jayant A. Talwalkar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jayant A. Talwalkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Advanced Imaging ResearchMayo Clinic, Rochester, MN","Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN","fax: 507-284-0538"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Advanced Imaging ResearchMayo Clinic, Rochester, MN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"fax: 507-284-0538","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111692944"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.783,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":173,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98525935,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":92,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"6","first_page":"2107","last_page":"2110"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10351","display_name":"Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10351","display_name":"Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10337","display_name":"Liver Disease and Transplantation","score":0.003800000064074993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10966","display_name":"Liver physiology and pathology","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-fibrosis","display_name":"liver fibrosis","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noninvasive-fibrosis-assessment","display_name":"noninvasive fibrosis assessment","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatitis-c","display_name":"hepatitis C","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient-elastography","display_name":"transient elastography","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-resonance-elastography","display_name":"magnetic resonance elastography","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serum-fibrosis-markers","display_name":"serum fibrosis markers","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-biopsy","display_name":"liver biopsy","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-cirrhosis","display_name":"liver cirrhosis","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatic-fibrogenesis","display_name":"hepatic fibrogenesis","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extracellular-matrix","display_name":"extracellular matrix","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatic-stellate-cells","display_name":"hepatic stellate cells","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/injection-drug-use","display_name":"intravenous drug use","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-liver-disease","display_name":"chronic liver disease","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-stiffness","display_name":"liver stiffness","score":0.31299999356269836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780826214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324974","display_name":"Transient elastography","level":4,"score":0.8780688047409058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7670521140098572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777214474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147778","display_name":"Cirrhosis","level":2,"score":0.7586768865585327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780496750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193889","display_name":"Ascites","level":2,"score":0.6987104415893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.6453120112419128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777766500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360841","display_name":"Liver biopsy","level":3,"score":0.6346319913864136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5806216597557068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780559512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q605709","display_name":"Fibrosis","level":2,"score":0.5509108304977417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777075537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929737","display_name":"Liver disease","level":2,"score":0.5486350059509277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780306776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426660","display_name":"Creatinine","level":2,"score":0.5089542865753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779124084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6731597","display_name":"Magnetic resonance elastography","level":4,"score":0.43876710534095764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.4259181618690491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779102576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5113984","display_name":"Chronic liver disease","level":3,"score":0.42023152112960815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777690781","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324974","display_name":"Elastography","level":3,"score":0.41295918822288513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775934546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179991","display_name":"Biopsy","level":2,"score":0.3922056555747986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.3765893280506134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143753070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162564","display_name":"Ultrasound","level":2,"score":0.3756364583969116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.32335400581359863}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000410","descriptor_name":"Alanine Transaminase","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001219","descriptor_name":"Aspartate Aminotransferases","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001663","descriptor_name":"Bilirubin","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001706","descriptor_name":"Biopsy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004548","descriptor_name":"Elasticity","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006526","descriptor_name":"Hepatitis C","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008103","descriptor_name":"Liver Cirrhosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008103","descriptor_name":"Liver Cirrhosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008103","descriptor_name":"Liver Cirrhosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054459","descriptor_name":"Elasticity Imaging Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/hep.24401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.24401","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.24401","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156174673","display_name":"Hepatology","issn_l":"0270-9139","issn":["0270-9139","1527-3350"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hepatology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21547935","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21547935","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)","raw_type":"Case Reports"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9763000011444092,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985442918","https://openalex.org/W1988986320","https://openalex.org/W2002163127","https://openalex.org/W2003756626","https://openalex.org/W2006739464","https://openalex.org/W2009135063","https://openalex.org/W2011549038","https://openalex.org/W2013716066","https://openalex.org/W2023640636","https://openalex.org/W2037865078","https://openalex.org/W2055271056","https://openalex.org/W2067162377","https://openalex.org/W2083039650","https://openalex.org/W2083950752","https://openalex.org/W2094639617","https://openalex.org/W2104193042","https://openalex.org/W2106955557","https://openalex.org/W2107649622","https://openalex.org/W2134182464","https://openalex.org/W2163381666","https://openalex.org/W2163682472"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2471688509","https://openalex.org/W1665689369","https://openalex.org/W4406784920","https://openalex.org/W2436809362","https://openalex.org/W2055603318","https://openalex.org/W2056909277","https://openalex.org/W3026853174","https://openalex.org/W1977002219","https://openalex.org/W2018640833","https://openalex.org/W2793646638"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,488,1580],"48-year-old":[1],"male":[2],"with":[3,44,124,179,183,393,461,538,627,635,694,809,941,945,971,1148,1164,1167,1178,1208,1247,1263,1361,1401,1421,1487,1960],"a":[4,15,73,102,212,229,241,280,286,329,387,415,783,837,917,1059,1078,1197,1242,1264,1274,1370,1391,1571,1698,1746,1757,1769,1784,1870,1928],"previous":[5],"longstanding":[6],"history":[7],"of":[8,17,48,78,111,138,195,206,244,254,268,275,352,365,371,377,417,424,490,520,547,618,659,676,679,686,697,747,750,843,881,898,911,919,926,939,969,976,983,1035,1045,1113,1143,1171,1192,1222,1252,1257,1273,1284,1293,1356,1372,1379,1393,1405,1478,1514,1521,1537,1553,1567,1583,1645,1663,1697,1759,1768,1773,1779,1800,1832,1834,1844,1869,1895,1922,1980,1994,1999],"intravenous":[9],"drug":[10],"abuse":[11],"is":[12,28,35,41,54,62,67,89,95,211,278,291,319,384,396,412,448,584,776,801,834,846,851,872,878,889,1008,1118,1130,1139,1175,1224,1231,1295,1314,1586,1595,1624,1629,1637,1679,1701,1720,1742,1787,1793,1803,1827,1914,1942,1973],"evaluated":[13],"for":[14,308,334,496,503,555,615,795,862,894,907,936,958,1003,1012,1027,1087,1201,1277,1364,1452,1458,1523,1529,1574,1600,1647,1682,1693,1716,1749,1806,1907,1936,1977,1983,1991],"diagnosis":[16,938],"hepatitis":[18,85,629,637,973,989,1423,1823,1848],"C":[19,86,1424,1824,1849],"and":[20,31,57,91,108,145,156,204,265,303,354,357,368,399,429,528,558,580,602,607,699,729,731,736,754,818,840,876,915,947,964,992,1015,1047,1054,1157,1180,1210,1235,1327,1342,1358,1387,1425,1512,1561,1609,1616,1636,1661,1712,1741,1762,1950],"elevated":[21],"liver":[22,103,181,310,314,379,394,418,431,453,640,644,794,797,900,984,995,1006,1090,1093,1114,1124,1349,1414,1426,1450,1490,1575,1845,1874,1929,1971,1995],"biochemical":[23],"tests.":[24,1918],"The":[25,38,64,84,113,252,305,544,799,826,1271,1291,1776,1821,1893],"aspartate":[26],"aminotransferase":[27,34],"59":[29],"U/L,":[30],"the":[32,51,58,92,109,121,136,168,202,269,273,375,390,422,427,434,451,470,475,566,576,586,616,652,674,684,695,748,793,804,810,814,819,841,844,860,873,879,912,923,933,937,1033,1042,1070,1084,1133,1144,1155,1169,1215,1220,1250,1282,1289,1354,1376,1403,1506,1518,1535,1551,1564,1613,1633,1664,1671,1675,1685,1689,1695,1713,1737,1774,1817,1842,1866,1882,1920,1940],"alanine":[33],"68":[36],"U/L.":[37],"serum":[39,52,65,139,372,491,548,573,665,700,1384,1602],"bilirubin":[40,722],"0.8":[42],"mg/dL":[43],"an":[45,172,904,1009,1852,1968],"indirect":[46,524,572],"fraction":[47],"0.5":[49],"mg/dL,":[50,56],"creatinine":[53],"1.1":[55],"international":[59],"normalized":[60],"ratio":[61,918],"1.0.":[63],"albumin":[66],"3.9":[68],"g/dL.":[69],"Ultrasound":[70],"imaging":[71,780,1062,1307,1389,1901,1962],"reveals":[72],"coarse":[74],"echotexture":[75],"without":[76,321,1489],"evidence":[77,1805,1906],"ascites":[79],"or":[80,127,340,523,536,770,1022,1255,1320,1438,1485,1488,1808,1859,1897,1899,1909,1947,1997],"intra-abdominal":[81],"collateral":[82],"veins.":[83],"virus":[87],"genotype":[88,1826],"1b,":[90],"viral":[93,1825],"load":[94],"5.6":[96],"\u00d7":[97],"106":[98],"IU.":[99],"You":[100],"recommend":[101],"biopsy":[104,361,380,395,454,1415,1451,1875,1930],"to":[105,134,220,234,261,350,468,484,541,683,711,767,853,884,922,1051,1064,1121,1141,1188,1194,1204,1348,1399,1470,1481,1496,1544,1654,1705,1709,1724,1729,1795,1798,1857,1887,1911,1933,1944,1953,1963],"determine":[106],"activity":[107],"stage":[110,447,620,1404,1455,1937],"fibrosis.":[112,208,251,1406,1986],"patient":[114,436,811,1883,1941],"asks":[115],"you":[116,118],"whether":[117],"can":[119,708,757,1763],"get":[120],"same":[122,435,567],"information":[123,1840],"blood":[125,1665],"tests":[126,1480],"noninvasive":[128,1362,1479,1515,1541,1554,1584,1871,1923,1981],"imaging,":[129],"that":[130,216,239,248,290,409,1334,1413,1587,1622,1799],"is,":[131],"he":[132],"wants":[133],"know":[135],"role":[137,1536,1552],"markers,":[140],"ultrasound-based":[141,164,1677],"transient":[142,165],"elastography":[143,148,1388,1961],"(TE),":[144],"magnetic":[146,160],"resonance":[147,161],"(MRE)":[149],"in":[150,197,218,228,348,360,381,414,433,445,459,479,633,651,657,672,703,714,720,734,752,761,813,823,891,967,980,1160,1214,1288,1419,1556,1577,1632,1684,1739,1816,1830,1855,1970],"such":[151,296,337,725,986,1568],"situations.":[152],"FDA,":[153],"U.S.":[154,1614],"Food":[155,1615],"Drug":[157,1617],"Administration;":[158],"MRE,":[159,1780],"elastography;":[162],"TE,":[163,1168,1189,1328],"elastography.":[166],"In":[167,929,1186,1241,1691,1863],"United":[169,1634,1686],"States":[170,1635,1687],"alone,":[171],"estimated":[173,1777],"150,000":[174],"persons":[175],"annually":[176],"are":[177,199,500,514,563,655,669,690,997,1049,1075,1096,1239,1309,1464,1493,1500,1650],"diagnosed":[178],"chronic":[180,628,636,972,988,1422],"disease":[182,985,996,1483,1491,1576,1996],"nearly":[184],"30,000":[185],"(20%)":[186],"individuals":[187],"having":[188],"cirrhosis":[189,940,959,1172,1807,1908],"at":[190,501,1789],"initial":[191,1867],"presentation.1":[192],"Disease-related":[193],"complications":[194,336],"cirrhosis,":[196,1005],"turn,":[198],"mediated":[200],"by":[201,294,509,831,836,859,1030,1077,1128,1173,1318,1641,1688,1736,1916,1967],"development":[203,1272],"progression":[205,274,1484,1966],"hepatic":[207,235,250,270,276,506,526,743,1036,1162,1343,1366,1985],"Hepatic":[209],"fibrogenesis":[210],"maladaptative":[213],"wound-healing":[214],"process":[215,283],"occurs":[217],"response":[219,232],"chronic,":[221],"injurious":[222],"stimuli":[223],"affecting":[224],"hepatocytes.":[225],"This":[226,588,779],"results":[227,707,1259,1499,1513,1921,1979],"stereotypical":[230],"inflammatory":[231],"leading":[233],"stellate":[236],"cell":[237],"activation":[238],"produces":[240],"nonuniform":[242],"accumulation":[243],"extracellular":[245,258,521],"matrix":[246,259],"complexes":[247],"constitute":[249],"crosslinking":[253],"collagen":[255],"fibrils":[256],"within":[257,909,1069,1226],"leads":[260],"fibrous":[262],"scar":[263],"formation":[264],"eventual":[266],"distortion":[267],"architecture.":[271],"Notably,":[272],"fibrosis":[277,311,403,446,507,549,622,680,1037,1163,1206,1385,1454,1546,1913,1949,1965],"not":[279,320,438,1017,1024,1304,1315,1625,1680,1828,1952],"continuous,":[281],"linear":[282],"but":[284,331,1792],"rather":[285],"discontinuous,":[287],"stuttering":[288],"phenomenon":[289],"greatly":[292],"influenced":[293],"factors":[295],"as":[297,338,516,646,648,662,681,726,740,742,765,857,866,987,1103,1570,1605,1607,1639,1667,1669,1745,1766,1783],"age,":[298],"sex,":[299],"race,":[300],"alcohol":[301],"exposure,":[302],"obesity.2":[304],"gold":[306],"standard":[307,1750,1770],"detecting":[309,673,1004,1161,1202,1365,1453,1984],"remains":[312],"percutaneous":[313],"biopsy,":[315],"although":[316],"this":[317,660,1648,1790,1864],"procedure":[318],"its":[322,400,1000,1229],"own":[323],"inherent":[324],"limitations.":[325],"These":[326,512,1498],"include":[327,551,902,1532],"(1)":[328,712,903,1533],"small":[330],"significant":[332,505],"risk":[333,502],"procedure-related":[335],"pain":[339],"bleeding,":[341],"(2)":[342,718,916,1548],"inaccurate":[343],"staging":[344],"from":[345,472,716,723,738,978,1098,1429,1592,1847],"sampling":[346,397,410,440,473],"error":[347,411],"up":[349],"25%":[351],"cases,":[353],"(3)":[355,732,1562],"inter-":[356],"intraobserver":[358],"variability":[359,398,749],"interpretation.3,":[362],"4":[363],"Because":[364,746],"these":[366,486,832,1380,1462,1524,1593,1917],"reasons":[367],"wide":[369],"availability":[370],"diagnostic":[373,378,613,953,1158,1199,1397],"tests,":[374],"use":[376,696,1683,1868,1894],"clinical":[382,388,480,1359,1377,1510,1565,1814],"practice":[383,481],"declining.5":[385],"From":[386],"perspective,":[389],"greatest":[391],"limitation":[392],"effect":[401],"on":[402,1132,1300,1812],"staging.":[404],"Several":[405,605],"investigations":[406,1357],"have":[407,465,493,610,960,1153,1395,1468,1945],"documented":[408],"present":[413],"variety":[416,489],"diseases.6,":[419],"7":[420],"Furthermore,":[421,1312],"performance":[423,614],"biopsies":[425],"involving":[426],"right":[428,805,820],"left":[430],"lobes":[432],"does":[437,1303],"reduce":[439,1281],"error,":[441],"because":[442,1306,1503,1879],"substantial":[443],"discordance":[444],"observed.7":[449],"Although":[450,1219,1461],"optimal":[452],"specimen":[455,477],"characteristics":[456],"(\u226520":[457],"mm":[458],"length":[460],"\u226511":[462],"portal":[463],"tracts)":[464],"been":[466,494,1411],"identified":[467],"minimize":[469],"effects":[471,1591],"error,8":[474],"typical":[476],"obtained":[478],"often":[482],"fails":[483],"meet":[485],"standards.":[487],"markers":[492,513,531,540,550,666,1386],"developed":[495],"identifying":[497],"patients":[498,626,634,970,1020,1279,1420],"who":[499],"clinically":[504],"(defined":[508],"stages":[510,678,1039],"F2-F4).":[511],"classified":[515],"direct":[517,539],"(representing":[518],"components":[519,751],"matrix)":[522],"(reflecting":[525],"inflammation":[527,1810],"function).":[529],"Indirect":[530],"may":[532,1280,1345,1416,1884,1931,1988],"be":[533,709,759,885,1025,1332,1417,1471,1764,1796,1851,1877,1885,1903,1925,1934,1989],"used":[534,579,1147],"alone":[535],"combined":[537,608,1538],"form":[542],"panels.":[543],"practical":[545],"advantages":[546],"their":[552],"noninvasiveness,":[553],"potential":[554,1527],"widespread":[556],"availability,":[557],"reproducibility":[559,1221,1292],"when":[560,1233],"serial":[561],"examinations":[562,1287],"performed":[564,760,802,1120,1782,1935],"using":[565],"laboratory":[568],"(Table":[569],"1).9":[570],"Among":[571],"marker":[574,701,1603],"panels,":[575],"most":[577],"widely":[578,1501],"validated":[581,762,1473],"technique":[582],"worldwide":[583],"called":[585],"FibroTest.":[587],"proprietary":[589,1601],"panel":[590],"contains":[591],"five":[592],"variables":[593],"including":[594,667,1338],"total":[595,721,924],"bilirubin,":[596],"haptoglobin,":[597],"gamma":[598],"glutamyl":[599],"transpeptidase,":[600],"\u03b12-macroglobulin,":[601],"apolipoprotein":[603],"A.":[604],"independent":[606,1475],"analyses":[609],"demonstrated":[611,1154],"excellent":[612,1001,1225],"detection":[617,685,1034,1170],"histological":[619],"F4":[621],"(i.e.,":[623,1559],"cirrhosis)":[624],"among":[625,1474],"C.":[630,974],"Additional":[631],"studies":[632,649,968,979,1152,1191,1815],"B,":[638,990],"alcoholic":[639],"disease,":[641,645],"nonalcoholic":[642,993],"fatty":[643,994],"well":[647,741,1606,1668],"conducted":[650],"general":[653,1578],"population,":[654],"emerging":[656],"support":[658],"method":[661],"well.":[663],"However,":[664],"FibroTest":[668,698,756,1628,1896],"less":[670,1755],"accurate":[671,895,1177],"presence":[675],"intermediate":[677,1203],"compared":[682],"cirrhosis.9,":[687],"10":[688,745],"There":[689,1802],"specific":[691],"limitations":[692],"associated":[693,1262],"panels":[702,1604],"general.":[704],"False":[705],"positive":[706],"attributable":[710],"decreases":[713],"haptoglobin":[715,737],"hemolysis,":[717],"increases":[719,733],"conditions":[724],"Gilbert's":[727],"syndrome":[728],"cholestasis,":[730,1341],"\u03b12-macroglobulin":[735],"systemic":[739],"inflammation.9,":[744],"assays":[753],"analyzers,":[755],"only":[758],"reference":[763],"laboratories":[764],"opposed":[766],"local":[768],"outpatient":[769],"hospital-based":[771],"labs":[772],"where":[773,870],"other":[774,981,1335],"testing":[775,1516,1555,1569,1585,1890,1924,1982],"typically":[777,1658],"performed.":[778],"modality":[781],"uses":[782,1058],"transducer":[784],"probe":[785,1276],"which":[786,1019,1138,1657],"emits":[787],"low-frequency":[788],"(50":[789],"Hz)":[790],"vibrations":[791,833],"into":[792,1089],"measuring":[796],"stiffness.":[798],"examination":[800,1772],"over":[803,1083,1873],"lateral":[806],"intercostal":[807],"spaces":[808],"lying":[812],"dorsal":[815],"decubitus":[816],"position":[817],"arm":[821],"being":[822],"maximal":[824],"abduction.":[825],"propagating":[827,1066],"shear":[828,854,874,1067,1073,1136],"wave":[829,845,855,1099],"induced":[830],"detected":[835],"pulse-echo":[838],"acquisition,":[839],"velocity":[842,856,875],"then":[847,1119,1927,1957],"calculated.":[848],"Liver":[849,887],"stiffness":[850,888,901,1007,1094,1427,1972],"proportional":[852],"expressed":[858],"equation":[861],"Young's":[863,1145],"modulus":[864,1146],"(expressed":[865],"E":[867],"=":[868],"3\u03c1\u03bd2,":[869],"\u03bd":[871],"\u03c1":[877],"density":[880],"tissue,":[882],"assumed":[883],"constant).":[886],"measured":[890],"kilopascals.":[892],"Requirements":[893],"TE":[896,942,977,1223,1430,1608,1678,1699,1898],"measurement":[897,1718],"mean":[899,1123],"interquartile":[905],"range":[906],"measurements":[908,921],"30%":[910],"median":[913],"value":[914],"successful":[920],"number":[925,1371,1392],"acquisitions":[927],"\u226560%.11":[928],"two":[930],"meta-analyses,12,":[931],"13":[932,1056],"pooled":[934,1043],"estimates":[935,1044,1644],"were":[943],"excellent,":[944],"sensitivity":[946,1046,1179,1209],"specificity":[948,1048,1181,1211],"values":[949,957,1095,1182,1212,1428],"approaching":[950],"90%.":[951],"Reported":[952],"threshold":[954],"(or":[955],"cutoff)":[956],"ranged":[961],"between":[962,1038,1052,1508],"11":[963],"17":[965,1218],"kPa":[966,1433,1440],"Results":[975],"etiologies":[982],"alcohol,":[991],"emerging.":[998],"Despite":[999,1353],"accuracy":[1002,1159,1200,1230],"insensitive":[1010],"predictor":[1011],"esophageal":[1013,1028],"varices":[1014,1029],"should":[1016,1021,1023,1330],"dictate":[1018],"screened":[1026],"endoscopy.14":[1031],"For":[1032,1324,1382,1407],"2-4,":[1040],"however,":[1041,1190,1447],"reduced":[1050],"70%":[1053],"80%.12,":[1055],"MRE":[1057,1129,1174,1193,1294,1313,1326,1732,1753,1900],"modified":[1060],"phase-contrast":[1061],"sequence":[1063],"detect":[1065,1964],"waves":[1068,1074],"liver.":[1071],"Acoustic":[1072],"generated":[1076],"pneumatic":[1079],"driver":[1080],"placed":[1081],"directly":[1082],"upper":[1085],"abdomen":[1086],"propagation":[1088],"tissue.":[1091],"Subsequently,":[1092],"calculated":[1097],"displacement":[1100],"patterns":[1101],"displayed":[1102],"color-encoded":[1104],"images":[1105],"(elastograms).":[1106],"Region-of-interest":[1107],"analysis":[1108],"throughout":[1109],"four":[1110],"cross-sectional":[1111],"slices":[1112],"(avoiding":[1115],"vascular":[1116],"structures)":[1117],"calculate":[1122],"stiffness.15":[1125],"Elasticity":[1126],"quantification":[1127],"based":[1131,1811],"formula":[1134],"representing":[1135],"modulus,":[1137],"equivalent":[1140],"one-third":[1142],"TE.":[1149,1801],"Initial":[1150],"prospective":[1151,1245],"feasibility":[1156],"MRE.":[1165,1610],"As":[1166],"highly":[1176],"exceeding":[1183],"90%,":[1184],"respectively.":[1185],"contrast":[1187],"date":[1195],"identify":[1196],"higher":[1198],"severe":[1205,1339,1809],"(F2-F4)":[1207],"each":[1213],"80%-85%":[1216],"range.16,":[1217],"experienced":[1227],"centers,":[1228],"diminished":[1232],"obesity":[1234,1319],"narrow":[1236],"rib":[1237,1321],"interspaces":[1238],"encountered.18":[1240],"recent":[1243],"5-year":[1244],"study":[1246],"13,369":[1248],"examinations,":[1249],"probability":[1251,1833],"technical":[1253],"failure":[1254],"generation":[1256],"invalid":[1258],"was":[1260,1733],"independently":[1261,1346],"body":[1265],"mass":[1266],"index":[1267],">":[1268],"30":[1269],"kg/m2.19":[1270],"specialized":[1275],"obese":[1278],"frequency":[1283],"technically":[1285],"limited":[1286],"future.":[1290],"also":[1296,1331],"excellent,20":[1297],"yet":[1298,1469],"reliance":[1299],"individual":[1301],"operators":[1302],"exist,":[1305],"processes":[1308,1337],"essentially":[1310],"automated.":[1311],"significantly":[1316],"affected":[1317],"interspace":[1322],"width.":[1323],"both":[1325,1383],"it":[1329,1409,1880],"noted":[1333],"pathophysiological":[1336],"inflammation,":[1340],"congestion":[1344],"contribute":[1347],"stiffness.12,":[1350],"13,":[1351],"18":[1352],"proliferation":[1355],"experiences":[1360],"methods":[1363],"fibrosis,":[1367],"there":[1368],"remain":[1369],"critical":[1373],"questions":[1374],"about":[1375,1841],"effectiveness":[1378],"approaches.":[1381],"techniques,":[1390],"investigators":[1394],"proposed":[1396],"algorithms":[1398,1463],"assist":[1400],"defining":[1402,1534,1550],"example,":[1408,1694],"has":[1410,1620],"suggested":[1412],"deferred":[1418],"\u2264":[1431],"6":[1432],"(which":[1434,1441],"suggest":[1435],"nonsignificant":[1436],"fibrosis)":[1437],"\u226512":[1439],"indicate":[1442],"advanced":[1443],"fibrosis).":[1444],"Intermediate":[1445],"values,":[1446],"would":[1448,1876],"require":[1449],"if":[1456,1781,1905],"relevant":[1457],"individualized":[1459],"cases.":[1460],"intuitively":[1465],"helpful,":[1466],"they":[1467],"externally":[1472],"populations.":[1476,1579],"Studies":[1477],"assess":[1482],"prognosis":[1486],"therapy":[1492],"just":[1494],"beginning":[1495],"emerge.21":[1497],"anticipated,":[1502],"many":[1504],"believe":[1505],"link":[1507],"important":[1509,1853],"outcomes":[1511],"provide":[1517],"highest":[1519],"level":[1520],"validation":[1522],"methods.":[1525],"Other":[1526],"areas":[1528],"future":[1530],"research":[1531],"versus":[1539],"sequential":[1540],"test":[1542,1649,1672,1872],"approaches":[1543],"improve":[1545],"detection,":[1547],"further":[1549,1839],"special":[1557],"populations":[1558],"pediatrics),":[1560],"determining":[1563,1992],"utility":[1566],"screening":[1572],"tool":[1573],"major":[1581],"advantage":[1582],"no":[1588,1804,1912,1946],"serious":[1589],"adverse":[1590],"techniques":[1594],"recognized.":[1596],"Economic":[1597],"considerations":[1598],"apply":[1599],"Regarding":[1611],"FibroTest,":[1612],"Administration":[1618],"(FDA)":[1619],"determined":[1621],"approval":[1623],"currently":[1626,1630],"required.":[1627],"available":[1631,1744],"marketed":[1638],"Fibrosure":[1640],"LabCorp.":[1642],"Recent":[1643],"cost":[1646,1778],"approximately":[1651,1702,1721],"US":[1652,1655,1710,1730],"$300":[1653],"$400,":[1656],"includes":[1659],"shipping":[1660],"processing":[1662],"sample":[1666],"reporting":[1670],"result.":[1673],"At":[1674],"moment,":[1676],"approved":[1681,1735],"FDA.":[1690],"Europe,":[1692],"price":[1696],"unit":[1700],"\u20ac":[1703,1722,1725],"80,000":[1704],"100,000":[1706],"(US":[1707,1727],"$100,000":[1708],"$130,000),":[1711],"annual":[1714],"fees":[1715],"calibrating":[1717],"probes":[1719],"3000":[1723],"5000":[1726],"$4000":[1728],"$6500).":[1731],"first":[1734],"FDA":[1738],"2010,":[1740],"becoming":[1743],"commercial":[1747],"upgrade":[1748],"MRI":[1751,1771],"systems.":[1752],"requires":[1754],"than":[1756],"minute":[1758],"acquisition":[1760],"time":[1761],"added":[1765],"part":[1767],"abdomen.":[1775],"stand-alone":[1785],"examination,":[1786],"unknown":[1788],"time,":[1791],"expected":[1794],"similar":[1797],"routine":[1813],"case":[1818],"presented":[1819],"here.":[1820],"patient's":[1822],"favorable":[1829],"terms":[1831],"treatment":[1835],"response.":[1836],"Thus,":[1837],"obtaining":[1838],"degree":[1843,1998],"injury":[1846],"could":[1850],"factor":[1854],"deciding":[1856],"pursue":[1858,1954],"defer":[1860],"antiviral":[1861,1955],"therapy.":[1862],"setting,":[1865],"preferred,":[1878],"appears":[1881],"reluctant":[1886],"undergo":[1888],"invasive":[1889],"(Fig.":[1891],"1).":[1892],"will":[1902],"helpful":[1904],"minimal":[1910,1948],"predicted":[1915],"Should":[1919],"indeterminate,":[1926],"need":[1932],"confirmation.":[1938],"If":[1939],"discovered":[1943],"chooses":[1951],"therapy,":[1956],"longitudinal":[1958],"assessment":[1959],"increase":[1969],"preferred.":[1974],"General":[1975],"algorithm":[1976],"interpreting":[1978],"Biopsy":[1987],"required":[1990],"etiology":[1993],"inflammation.":[2000]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
