{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2020104306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e7325","title":"Use of Mendelian randomisation to assess potential benefit of clinical intervention","display_name":"Use of Mendelian randomisation to assess potential benefit of clinical intervention","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2020104306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e7325","mag":"2020104306","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23131671"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmj.e7325","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e7325","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e7325","pdf_url":"https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/345/bmj.e7325.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393917726","display_name":"BMJ","issn_l":"1756-1833","issn":["1756-1833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/345/bmj.e7325.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087932701","display_name":"Stephen Burgess","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5365-8760","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5365-8760"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S. Burgess","raw_affiliation_strings":["Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK. sb452@medschl.cam.ac.uk","Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK. sb452@medschl.cam.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091904917","display_name":"Adam S. Butterworth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6915-9015","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6915-9015"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Butterworth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028094654","display_name":"Anders M\u00e4larstig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2608-1358","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2608-1358"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180857899","display_name":"Pfizer (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdqrp08","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180857899"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Malarstig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180857899"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007606690","display_name":"Simon G. Thompson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5274-7814","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5274-7814","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2307-2520"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. G. Thompson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087932701"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6032,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":298,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97741899,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"345","issue":"nov06 1","first_page":"e7325","last_page":"e7325"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.010200000368058681,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10206","display_name":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mendelian-randomization","display_name":"Mendelian randomization","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-inference","display_name":"causal inference","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-variants","display_name":"genetic variants","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/therapeutic-interventions","display_name":"therapeutic interventions","score":0.6430000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.7689228653907776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175783326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185055","display_name":"Mendelian inheritance","level":3,"score":0.7439460754394531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779901538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6816584","display_name":"Mendelian randomization","level":5,"score":0.654950737953186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.6097601652145386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4808981418609619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.45303189754486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.43907174468040466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3240475654602051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993967602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532932","display_name":"Genetic variants","level":4,"score":0.2344660460948944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1566450297832489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.15500202775001526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.14591288566589355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.09711721539497375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004812","descriptor_name":"Epidemiologic Methods","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009422","descriptor_name":"Nervous System Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009422","descriptor_name":"Nervous System Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009422","descriptor_name":"Nervous System Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015982","descriptor_name":"Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015986","descriptor_name":"Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057182","descriptor_name":"Mendelian Randomization Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057182","descriptor_name":"Mendelian Randomization Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmj.e7325","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e7325","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e7325","pdf_url":"https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/345/bmj.e7325.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393917726","display_name":"BMJ","issn_l":"1756-1833","issn":["1756-1833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:23131671","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23131671","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ (Clinical research ed.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:bmj:345/nov06_1/e7325","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/short/345/nov06_1/e7325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923041","display_name":"HighWire Press Open Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"TEXT"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmj.e7325","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e7325","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e7325","pdf_url":"https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/345/bmj.e7325.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393917726","display_name":"BMJ","issn_l":"1756-1833","issn":["1756-1833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4733990475","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RG/08/014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319992","funder_display_name":"British Heart Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319992","display_name":"British Heart Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02wdwnk04"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2020104306.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2020104306.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1596038729","https://openalex.org/W1816597323","https://openalex.org/W1972696558","https://openalex.org/W1982697095","https://openalex.org/W1990204315","https://openalex.org/W2032568924","https://openalex.org/W2042590405","https://openalex.org/W2054796764","https://openalex.org/W2096940418","https://openalex.org/W2101605059","https://openalex.org/W2102011776","https://openalex.org/W2103340465","https://openalex.org/W2106036991","https://openalex.org/W2110171695","https://openalex.org/W2112390338","https://openalex.org/W2129465958","https://openalex.org/W2145975717","https://openalex.org/W2162072565","https://openalex.org/W2171366344","https://openalex.org/W4299310161"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2077095524","https://openalex.org/W4411382337","https://openalex.org/W2818417770","https://openalex.org/W7096794542","https://openalex.org/W3121173001","https://openalex.org/W2261114314","https://openalex.org/W7030011331","https://openalex.org/W6992851308","https://openalex.org/W6908669037","https://openalex.org/W2884028796"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mendelian":[0,76,105],"randomisation":[1,77,106],"is":[2,46,99],"a":[3,24,31,75,83],"technique":[4],"for":[5,101],"assessing":[6],"causal":[7],"associations":[8],"in":[9,23,30,36,90,107],"observational":[10],"data.":[11],"Genetic":[12],"variants":[13],"associated":[14],"with":[15],"the":[16,37,42,50,62,72,80,87,94,102],"risk":[17,38,88],"factor":[18,39,89],"of":[19,74,82,93,96,104],"interest":[20],"are":[21],"regarded":[22],"similar":[25],"way":[26],"to":[27,41,53,70,79],"random":[28],"assignment":[29],"clinical":[32],"trial.":[33],"The":[34],"difference":[35],"due":[40,52],"genetic":[43],"variation,":[44],"however,":[45],"materially":[47],"distinct":[48],"from":[49],"change":[51],"any":[54],"proposed":[55],"therapeutic":[56],"intervention":[57,85],"and":[58],"so":[59],"might":[60],"affect":[61],"outcome":[63],"differently.":[64],"Consequently,":[65],"it":[66],"can":[67],"be":[68],"misleading":[69],"generalise":[71],"magnitude":[73],"estimate":[78],"effect":[81],"potential":[84],"on":[86],"practice.":[91],"Awareness":[92],"limitations":[95],"such":[97],"estimates":[98],"important":[100],"use":[103],"target":[108],"based":[109],"drug":[110],"development":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}