{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2019950898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.2009.01958.x","title":"An Australian cardiovascular risk equation for type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study","display_name":"An Australian cardiovascular risk equation for type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-03-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2019950898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.2009.01958.x","mag":"2019950898","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19323700"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.2009.01958.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.2009.01958.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.2009.01958.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60716783","display_name":"Internal Medicine Journal","issn_l":"1444-0903","issn":["1444-0903","1445-5994"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Internal Medicine Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031699822","display_name":"Wendy Angela Davis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5709-8235","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5709-8235"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802692842","display_name":"Fremantle Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03yxgmm62","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799506148","https://openalex.org/I2800882159","https://openalex.org/I2802692842","https://openalex.org/I4388446375","https://openalex.org/I4388482742"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"W. A. Davis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Western Australia, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Australia. wdavis@meddent.uwa.edu.au","University of Western Australia School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Fremantle Hospital Fremantle Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Western Australia, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Australia. wdavis@meddent.uwa.edu.au","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127","https://openalex.org/I2802692842"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Western Australia School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Fremantle Hospital Fremantle Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127","https://openalex.org/I2802692842"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044594327","display_name":"Matthew William Knuiman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8874-2305","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8874-2305"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. W. Knuiman","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043791621","display_name":"Timothy M. E. Davis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0749-7411","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0749-7411"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802692842","display_name":"Fremantle Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03yxgmm62","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799506148","https://openalex.org/I2800882159","https://openalex.org/I2802692842","https://openalex.org/I4388446375","https://openalex.org/I4388482742"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. M. E. Davis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Western Australia, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Western Australia, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127","https://openalex.org/I2802692842"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031699822"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127","https://openalex.org/I2802692842"],"apc_list":{"value":3570,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3570},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7795,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":84,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84831597,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"4","first_page":"286","last_page":"292"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.9409000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.9409000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14212","display_name":"Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention","score":0.013399999588727951,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.013000000268220901,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-risk-prediction","display_name":"cardiovascular risk prediction","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-prediction-equations","display_name":"risk prediction equations","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fremantle-diabetes-study","display_name":"Fremantle Diabetes Study","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/busselton-health-study","display_name":"Busselton Health Study","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-events","display_name":"cardiovascular events","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myocardial-infarction","display_name":"myocardial infarction","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke","display_name":"stroke","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-mortality","display_name":"cardiovascular mortality","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urinary-albumin-creatinine-ratio","display_name":"urinary albumin-creatinine ratio","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hba1c","display_name":"HbA1c","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hdl-cholesterol","display_name":"HDL cholesterol","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aboriginality","display_name":"Aboriginality","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnicity","display_name":"ethnicity","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-validation","display_name":"model validation","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/australian-population","display_name":"Australian population","score":0.574999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9036509990692139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.6084702014923096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.6058671474456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500558357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12152","display_name":"Myocardial infarction","level":2,"score":0.5462266802787781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5319942235946655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.5051053166389465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.49185633659362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.47794604301452637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.4601792097091675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780645631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","level":2,"score":0.4573497176170349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.11676272749900818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001315","descriptor_name":"Australia","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005500","descriptor_name":"Follow-Up Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008137","descriptor_name":"Longitudinal Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011159","descriptor_name":"Population Surveillance","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014904","descriptor_name":"Western Australia","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015331","descriptor_name":"Cohort Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.2009.01958.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.2009.01958.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.2009.01958.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60716783","display_name":"Internal Medicine Journal","issn_l":"1444-0903","issn":["1444-0903","1445-5994"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Internal Medicine Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19323700","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19323700","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Internal medicine journal","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W172609984","https://openalex.org/W1526927233","https://openalex.org/W1607953610","https://openalex.org/W1980946892","https://openalex.org/W2034517576","https://openalex.org/W2050543404","https://openalex.org/W2055864845","https://openalex.org/W2059158127","https://openalex.org/W2067384025","https://openalex.org/W2079027587","https://openalex.org/W2093130968","https://openalex.org/W2117191092","https://openalex.org/W2134825056","https://openalex.org/W2141434961","https://openalex.org/W2146453975","https://openalex.org/W2152161585","https://openalex.org/W2161756000","https://openalex.org/W2163024130","https://openalex.org/W2165884492","https://openalex.org/W2171537657","https://openalex.org/W2410447026","https://openalex.org/W2416657286","https://openalex.org/W2944448728","https://openalex.org/W4210559565","https://openalex.org/W4253224744","https://openalex.org/W4290126999"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2146840749","https://openalex.org/W2146753053","https://openalex.org/W1995712561","https://openalex.org/W2101614997","https://openalex.org/W7096656198","https://openalex.org/W2154195572","https://openalex.org/W1607953610","https://openalex.org/W146358788","https://openalex.org/W3134652503","https://openalex.org/W4288096175"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"There":[1],"is":[2,20,45,249],"no":[3],"valid":[4],"cardiovascular":[5,31,83],"disease":[6],"(CVD)":[7],"risk":[8,27,32,67,180,234,247],"prediction":[9,33],"equation":[10,248],"for":[11,29,75,229],"Australians":[12],"with":[13,64],"diabetes.":[14],"The":[15,41,176,223],"aim":[16],"of":[17,53,60,114,133,181,193],"this":[18],"study":[19],"to":[21,188],"develop":[22],"and":[23,103,144,174,212,225,238,266],"validate":[24],"a":[25,46,82,182,230,259],"multivariate":[26],"function":[28],"5-year":[30,178,232,245],"in":[34,152,261,264],"Australian":[35,254],"type":[36,55],"2":[37,56],"diabetes":[38,262],"patients.":[39],"METHODS:":[40],"Fremantle":[42],"Diabetes":[43],"Study":[44],"community-based":[47],"longitudinal":[48],"observational":[49],"study.":[50],"A":[51],"total":[52],"1240":[54],"diabetic":[57,122],"patients":[58],"(95.8%":[59],"the":[61,115,125,153,189,194,206,250],"baseline":[62,73],"cohort)":[63],"all":[65],"required":[66],"factor":[68],"data":[69],"were":[70,236],"followed":[71],"from":[72,105,124,149],"(1993-1996)":[74],"5":[76],"years":[77],"or":[78,85,101,107,110],"until":[79],"they":[80],"experienced":[81],"event":[84,143,184],"died,":[86],"whichever":[87],"came":[88],"first.":[89],"CVD":[90,142,183,233,246],"during":[91],"follow":[92,134],"up":[93],"was":[94,117,185,196,205],"defined":[95],"as":[96,204],"hospitalization":[97],"for/with":[98],"myocardial":[99],"infarction":[100],"stroke,":[102],"death":[104],"cardiac":[106],"cerebrovascular":[108],"causes":[109],"sudden":[111],"death.":[112],"Validation":[113],"algorithm":[116],"performed":[118],"on":[119],"an":[120],"independent":[121],"cohort":[123],"Busselton":[126,190],"Health":[127],"Study.":[128],"RESULTS:":[129],"During":[130],"5570":[131],"patient-years":[132],"up,":[135],"185":[136],"(14.9%)":[137],"had":[138],"at":[139],"least":[140],"one":[141],"175":[145],"(14.1%)":[146],"died":[147],"(57.7%":[148],"CVD).":[150],"Variables":[151],"final":[154],"model":[155,195],"comprised":[156],"age,":[157],"sex,":[158],"prior":[159],"CVD,":[160],"ln(urinary":[161],"albumin":[162],":":[163],"creatinine":[164],"ratio),":[165],"lnHbA(1c),":[166],"ln(high":[167],"density":[168],"lipoprotein-cholesterol),":[169],"Southern":[170],"European":[171],"ethnic":[172],"background":[173],"Aboriginality.":[175],"mean":[177],"predicted":[179],"15.5%.":[186],"Applied":[187],"cohort,":[191],"discrimination":[192],"good":[197],"(AUC":[198],"=":[199,220],"0.84,":[200],"P":[201],"<":[202],"0.001)":[203],"goodness-of-fit":[207],"(Hosmer-Lemeshow":[208],"C-test,":[209],"P=":[210],"0.85)":[211],"accuracy":[213],"(mean":[214],"squared":[215],"error":[216],"(95%":[217],"confidence":[218],"interval)":[219],"0.09":[221],"(0-0.76)).":[222],"positive":[224],"negative":[226],"predictive":[227],"values":[228],"10%":[231],"cut-off":[235],"23.4%":[237],"97.7%":[239],"respectively.":[240],"CONCLUSION:":[241],"This":[242],"simple":[243],"diabetes-specific":[244],"first":[251],"validated,":[252],"population-based":[253],"model.":[255],"It":[256],"should":[257],"have":[258],"role":[260],"management":[263],"primary":[265],"specialist":[267],"care.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
