{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2019912429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/frc.1976.0023","title":"Ockham on Evident Cognition","display_name":"Ockham on Evident Cognition","publication_year":1976,"publication_date":"1976-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2019912429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/frc.1976.0023","mag":"2019912429"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/frc.1976.0023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/frc.1976.0023","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/frc.1976.0023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764679690","display_name":"Franciscan studies","issn_l":"0080-5459","issn":["0080-5459","1945-9718"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315659","host_organization_name":"St. Bonaventure University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315659"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["St. Bonaventure University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Franciscan Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073031027","display_name":"John Boler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John Boler","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073031027"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24888641,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"1","first_page":"85","last_page":"98"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12857","display_name":"Medieval Philosophy and Theology","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12857","display_name":"Medieval Philosophy and Theology","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.00279999990016222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10595","display_name":"Medieval Literature and History","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1205","display_name":"Classics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/william-of-ockham","display_name":"William of Ockham","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intuitive-thinking","display_name":"intuitive thinking","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assent","display_name":"assent","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apprehension","display_name":"apprehension","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ordinatio","display_name":"Ordinatio","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"epistemology","score":0.4050000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/justification","display_name":"justification","score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experience","display_name":"experience","score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contingent-truths","display_name":"contingent truths","score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medieval-philosophy","display_name":"medieval philosophy","score":0.36899998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intuitionism","display_name":"intuitionism","score":0.39899998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scotism","display_name":"Scotism","score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nominalism","display_name":"nominalism","score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empiricism","display_name":"empiricism","score":0.37700000405311584}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.7231779098510742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.3391546607017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3026309609413147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.14265546202659607}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/frc.1976.0023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/frc.1976.0023","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/frc.1976.0023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764679690","display_name":"Franciscan studies","issn_l":"0080-5459","issn":["0080-5459","1945-9718"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315659","host_organization_name":"St. Bonaventure University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315659"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["St. Bonaventure University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Franciscan Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/453655","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/453655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045543514","https://openalex.org/W2081981374","https://openalex.org/W2314327216","https://openalex.org/W2315791690","https://openalex.org/W2331979990","https://openalex.org/W2517068462","https://openalex.org/W2798740633","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2517068462","https://openalex.org/W4376861161","https://openalex.org/W859542880","https://openalex.org/W4210933591","https://openalex.org/W2052070042","https://openalex.org/W1984043951","https://openalex.org/W2978492688","https://openalex.org/W2567579795","https://openalex.org/W2527578165","https://openalex.org/W2902215108"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OCKHAM":[0],"ON":[1],"EVIDENT":[2],"COGNITION":[3],"My":[4],"reason":[5],"for":[6,18,62,92,105,113,144,254,415,615,659],"examining":[7],"evident":[8,48,184],"cognition":[9,22,37,49,182,276,430,539],"in":[10,72,135,174,244,257,265,277,294,330,564,598,635,689],"Ockham":[11,84,155,398,562,634],"is":[12,23,38,108,156,169,186,189,206,290,403,443,540,543,652],"that":[13,64,83,154,166,289,385,397,408,529,561,579,585],"it":[14,61,391,575],"provides":[15],"the":[16,68,90,102,109,124,167,175,193,236,251,258,266,272,279,285,295,303,309,352,363,367,421,426,436,451,459,462,471,516,530,599,605,616,673],"context":[17],"intuitive":[19,36,181,275,429,538,621],"cognition.":[20],"Evident":[21],"assent":[24,114,185,644],"(to":[25],"a":[26,93,196,201,208,268,541,547,551,569,639],"truth)":[27],"caused":[28],"by":[29,117,447,458],"\"the":[30,39],"apprehension":[31,40],"of":[32,41,50,96,111,119,126,129,172,180,195,200,210,218,230,262,274,302,308,351,354,428,435,438,450,453,461,464,473,512,522,532,536,555,567,604,612,620,672,675,691],"terms":[33,42,533],"or":[34,43,188,217,534],"things\";":[35],"things\"":[44,535],"sufficient":[45],"to":[46,89,115,152,183,191,203,213,224,235,250,305,373,393,400,406,419,488,645],"cause":[47],"contingent":[51],"fact.1":[52],"First,":[53],"some":[54,494,610],"introductory":[55],"remarks.":[56],"Ockham,":[57],"I":[58,81,132,148,160,247,260,371,479,518,527,557,572,594,608,630],"believe,":[59],"takes":[60],"granted":[63],"our":[65,78,409],"knowledge":[66],"about":[67,158,215,553],"world,":[69],"as":[70,131,317,378,546,571,638],"expressed":[71],"true":[73],"judgements,":[74],"somehow":[75],"derives":[76],"from":[77,86,142,221,299,648],"experience.":[79],"Moreover,":[80,361],"hold":[82],"argues":[85],"this":[87,231,596],"fact":[88,223],"need":[91],"special":[94,591],"kind":[95],"apprehensive":[97,120],"act":[98],"(namely,":[99],"intuitive),":[100],"where":[101],"major":[103],"premiss":[104],"his":[106],"argument":[107,614],"necessity":[110],"accounting":[112],"propositions":[116,649],"means":[118],"acts":[121],"associated":[122],"with":[123,271,366,375],"components":[125,554],"propositions.":[127,465,556],"Causes":[128],"assent,":[130],"have":[133],"urged":[134],"an":[136,219,433,440],"earlier":[137,164,228],"article,":[138],"should":[139,283],"be":[140,420,484,578],"distinguished":[141],"justification":[143],"assent.2":[145],"And":[146],"while":[147],"do":[149],"not":[150,170,207,446,559],"mean":[151],"deny":[153],"concerned":[157],"certainty,":[159],"would":[161,483],"r\u00ebemphasize":[162],"my":[163,424],"claim":[165,493],"issue":[168],"one":[171,222],"evidence":[173,414],"modern":[176],"sense.":[177],"The":[178,292,338,508],"relation":[179,194,209,495],"\u2014":[187,192,369,390],"analogous":[190],"term":[197,641],"(or":[198],"component":[199],"proposition)":[202],"judgment.":[204],"It":[205,651],"individual":[211],"things":[212],"judgments":[214],"them":[216],"inference":[220],"another.":[225],"1":[226,301],"An":[227],"version":[229],"paper":[232,510,606],"was":[233,563],"read":[234],"Ohio":[237],"Conference":[238],"on":[239,348,550,666],"Medieval":[240],"and":[241,322,344,370,382,470,499,502,505,524,526,622,646,669,687],"Renaissance":[242],"Studies,":[243],"March":[245],"1976;":[246],"am":[248,558],"indebted":[249],"discussion":[252],"there":[253,386],"certain":[255,269],"improvements":[256],"paper.":[259],"am,":[261],"course,":[263],"assuming":[264],"reader":[267],"familiarity":[270],"doctrine":[273,427],"Ockham;":[278],"articles":[280],"cited":[281,316],"below":[282],"provide":[284],"needed":[286],"background":[287],"if":[288],"necessary.":[291],"definitions":[293],"first":[296],"paragraph":[297],"are":[298,387,412,468,475],"Question":[300],"Prologue":[304],"Book":[306],"One":[307],"Ordinatio:":[310],"Opera":[311],"Theologica,":[312],"Volume":[313],"I;":[314,319],"hereafter":[315],"OT":[318],"G.":[320,326],"Gal":[321],"S.":[323],"Brown":[324],"(eds.),":[325],"de":[327],"Ockham:":[328],"Scriptum":[329],"Librum":[331],"Primum":[332],"Sententiarum":[333],"Ordinatio":[334],"(St.":[335],"Bonaventure,":[336],"N.Y.:":[337],"Franciscan":[339],"Institute,":[340],"1967),":[341],"pp.":[342,679],"5-6":[343],"31-32\u00b7":[345],"8":[346,661],"\"Ockham":[347,665],"Intuition,\"":[349,670],"Journal":[350,671],"History":[353,674],"Philosophy,":[355,676],"11":[356],"(1973):":[357],"95-106.":[358],"86JOHN":[359],"BOLER":[360],"whatever":[362],"epistemological":[364],"problems":[365],"theory":[368,552],"tend":[372],"agree":[374],"critics":[376],"such":[377,568],"T.":[379,662],"K.":[380,663],"Scott":[381],"Marilyn":[383,681],"Adams":[384],"serious":[388],"ones3":[389],"seems":[392],"me":[394],"exceedingly":[395],"unlikely":[396],"intended":[399],"maintain":[401],"(what":[402],"commonly":[404],"ascribed":[405],"Descartes)":[407],"cognitive":[410,454,506],"states":[411],"essential":[413],"what":[416],"we":[417],"believe":[418],"case.":[422],"On":[423],"interpretation,":[425],"depends":[431],"upon":[432],"analysis":[434,441,463],"structure":[437],"thought,":[439],"which":[442,492,537],"controlled":[444],"directly":[445],"any":[448],"observation":[449],"parade":[452],"activity":[455],"but":[456],"rather":[457],"demands":[460,467],"Those":[466],"complex,":[469],"issues":[472],"epistemology":[474],"certainly":[476],"relevant.":[477],"But":[478,593],"think":[480],"Ockham's":[481,520,613],"enterprise":[482],"more":[485,654],"fruitfully":[486],"compared":[487],"those":[489],"recent":[490],"studies":[491],"between":[496,503],"logical":[497,636],"form":[498],"linguistic":[500],"structure,":[501],"these":[504,590],"psychology.4":[507],"present":[509,573],"consists":[511],"two":[513],"parts.":[514],"In":[515],"first,":[517],"examine":[519,609],"treatment":[521],"\"apprehension\"":[523],"\"assent\";":[525],"conclude":[528],"\"apprehension":[531],"species":[542],"best":[544],"treated":[545],"postulate":[548],"dependent":[549],"claiming":[560],"full":[565],"control":[566],"scheme":[570],"it;":[574],"may":[576],"even":[577],"he":[580,586],"talked":[581],"himself":[582],"into":[583],"thinking":[584],"could":[587],"actually":[588],"observe":[589],"acts.":[592],"discuss":[595],"problem":[597],"second":[600],"(and":[601],"shorter)":[602],"part":[603],"when":[607],"aspects":[611],"distinction":[617],"within":[618],"apprehensions":[619],"abstractive":[623],"kinds.":[624],"PART":[625],"ONE":[626],"A.":[627],"Assent":[628],"\"Judgment,\"":[629],"shall":[631],"assume,":[632],"serves":[633],"contexts":[637],"general":[640],"covering":[642],"both":[643],"dissent":[647],".":[650],"slightly":[653],"flexible":[655],"than":[656],"they,":[657],"allowing,":[658],"example,":[660],"Scott,":[664],"Evidence,":[667],"Necessity":[668],"?":[677],"(1969),":[678],"27-49;":[680],"Adams,":[682],"\"Intuitive":[683],"Cognition":[684],",":[685],"Certainty":[686],"Skepticism":[688],"William":[690],"Ockham,\"":[692],"Traditio,":[693],"26...":[694]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
