{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2019869919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(89)90126-8","title":"Estimation of premorbid intelligence: combining psychometric and demographic approaches improves predictive accuracy","display_name":"Estimation of premorbid intelligence: combining psychometric and demographic approaches improves predictive accuracy","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2019869919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(89)90126-8","mag":"2019869919"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0191-8869(89)90126-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(89)90126-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(89)90126-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S151331055","display_name":"Personality and Individual Differences","issn_l":"0191-8869","issn":["0191-8869","1873-3549"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Personality and Individual Differences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043546185","display_name":"John Ross Crawford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4100-7001","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4100-7001"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195460627","display_name":"University of Aberdeen","ror":"https://ror.org/016476m91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J.R. Crawford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042164306","display_name":"Lesley Stewart","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195460627","display_name":"University of Aberdeen","ror":"https://ror.org/016476m91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L.E. Stewart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mental Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mental Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035862028","display_name":"DENIS M. PARKER","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D.M. Parker","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112342791","display_name":"JOHN A. O. BESSON","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.A.O. Besson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062202001","display_name":"R. H. B. Cochrane","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.H.B. Cochrane","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043546185"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"],"apc_list":{"value":4170,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4170},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2899,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95657437,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"7","first_page":"793","last_page":"796"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12848","display_name":"Psychological Testing and Assessment","score":0.010400000028312206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14434","display_name":"Historical and Modern Theater Studies","score":0.00430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/premorbid-intelligence","display_name":"premorbid intelligence","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-adult-reading-test","display_name":"National Adult Reading Test","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-equations","display_name":"regression equations","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demographic-factors","display_name":"demographic factors","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupation","display_name":"occupation","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-reserve","display_name":"cognitive reserve","score":0.4129999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.774306058883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.6503536105155945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89798072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141779","display_name":"Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale","level":3,"score":0.5944132804870605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166047926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170277","display_name":"Intelligence quotient","level":3,"score":0.5503654479980469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780084366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demographics","level":2,"score":0.5451892018318176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.5388981699943542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.5249459743499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138528620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2510752","display_name":"Explained variation","level":2,"score":0.49902963638305664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.4537012279033661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908794571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometric tests","level":3,"score":0.43233323097229004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.41311225295066833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.40490034222602844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.40434595942497253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.3508850336074829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.24765929579734802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.2076193392276764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.1217486560344696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0191-8869(89)90126-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(89)90126-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(89)90126-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S151331055","display_name":"Personality and Individual Differences","issn_l":"0191-8869","issn":["0191-8869","1873-3549"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Personality and Individual Differences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W586119298","https://openalex.org/W640690542","https://openalex.org/W651475472","https://openalex.org/W1970665177","https://openalex.org/W1978883047","https://openalex.org/W2011124752","https://openalex.org/W2014550164","https://openalex.org/W2019688916","https://openalex.org/W2019869919","https://openalex.org/W2036571422","https://openalex.org/W2053293311","https://openalex.org/W2065082965","https://openalex.org/W2068554971","https://openalex.org/W2074204926","https://openalex.org/W2082300724","https://openalex.org/W2085559823","https://openalex.org/W2086942467","https://openalex.org/W2156650613","https://openalex.org/W2159034384","https://openalex.org/W2319842346","https://openalex.org/W2329925658","https://openalex.org/W3015418358","https://openalex.org/W4253283380"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2783337795","https://openalex.org/W2084715428","https://openalex.org/W2013227530","https://openalex.org/W2031456032","https://openalex.org/W7095697208","https://openalex.org/W2028632055","https://openalex.org/W2093318888","https://openalex.org/W2068146945","https://openalex.org/W2082300724","https://openalex.org/W7096356170"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}