{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2019848752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2012.709764","title":"Everyone lived in fear: Malaya and the British way of counter-insurgency","display_name":"Everyone lived in fear: Malaya and the British way of counter-insurgency","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2019848752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2012.709764","mag":"2019848752"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/09592318.2012.709764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2012.709764","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2012.709764","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210184262","display_name":"Small Wars and Insurgencies","issn_l":"0959-2318","issn":["0959-2318","1743-9558"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Small Wars &amp; Insurgencies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073707488","display_name":"Karl Hack","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4253-3334","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4253-3334"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204136569","display_name":"The Open University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mzfcs16","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karl Hack","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Open University","Department of History, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Open University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of History, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073707488"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":26.4251,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":93,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99238984,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"4-5","first_page":"671","last_page":"699"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13494","display_name":"Military History and Strategy","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13494","display_name":"Military History and Strategy","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14141","display_name":"Colonial History and Postcolonial Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14289","display_name":"Anthropology: Ethics, History, Culture","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malayan-emergency","display_name":"Malayan Emergency","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/winning-hearts-and-minds","display_name":"winning hearts and minds","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-control","display_name":"population control","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-control","display_name":"spatial control","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cold-war","display_name":"Cold War","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dirty-war","display_name":"Dirty War","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/british-army","display_name":"British Army","score":0.3970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaya","display_name":"Malaya","score":0.375}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777188754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140822","display_name":"Coercion (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.68769371509552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510578393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1323212","display_name":"Insurgency","level":3,"score":0.63508540391922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.4795943796634674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4751149117946625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.47122371196746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4168439507484436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.39432305097579956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0952366292476654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/09592318.2012.709764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2012.709764","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2012.709764","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210184262","display_name":"Small Wars and Insurgencies","issn_l":"0959-2318","issn":["0959-2318","1743-9558"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Small Wars &amp; Insurgencies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oro.open.ac.uk:34765","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://oro.open.ac.uk/34765/1/Hack%20-%20Everyone%20Lived%20in%20Fear.pdf","pdf_url":"https://oro.open.ac.uk/34765/1/Hack%20-%20Everyone%20Lived%20in%20Fear.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401187","display_name":"Open Research Online (The Open University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I204136569","host_organization_name":"The Open University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.9595999717712402}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.6499999761581421}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320004","display_name":"British Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/0302b4677"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W314354641","https://openalex.org/W565547535","https://openalex.org/W612903456","https://openalex.org/W630568074","https://openalex.org/W633741019","https://openalex.org/W635478092","https://openalex.org/W646821537","https://openalex.org/W1483538647","https://openalex.org/W1517023901","https://openalex.org/W1519924753","https://openalex.org/W1538135968","https://openalex.org/W1542461096","https://openalex.org/W1876506302","https://openalex.org/W1950101809","https://openalex.org/W1957172367","https://openalex.org/W1986786530","https://openalex.org/W1996546974","https://openalex.org/W2003678809","https://openalex.org/W2010317340","https://openalex.org/W2012530573","https://openalex.org/W2024377111","https://openalex.org/W2029291549","https://openalex.org/W2029398798","https://openalex.org/W2032305003","https://openalex.org/W2050520417","https://openalex.org/W2054147066","https://openalex.org/W2054764497","https://openalex.org/W2060435724","https://openalex.org/W2086189766","https://openalex.org/W2094076932","https://openalex.org/W2094751717","https://openalex.org/W2138888719","https://openalex.org/W2148274346","https://openalex.org/W2171477013","https://openalex.org/W2284517672","https://openalex.org/W2321410877","https://openalex.org/W2343793383","https://openalex.org/W2605480955","https://openalex.org/W2609807768","https://openalex.org/W3001141960","https://openalex.org/W3160874820","https://openalex.org/W4232374640","https://openalex.org/W4240041811","https://openalex.org/W4299914635","https://openalex.org/W4404583573"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2094076932","https://openalex.org/W2031498134","https://openalex.org/W1950101809","https://openalex.org/W1947758597","https://openalex.org/W4234182195","https://openalex.org/W2086189766","https://openalex.org/W3034389463","https://openalex.org/W2477897735","https://openalex.org/W6962713101","https://openalex.org/W2500668429"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"research":[1],"on":[2,188],"Palestine,":[3],"Kenya,":[4],"and":[5,20,33,35,59,74,102,109,120,144,175,177,181],"Malaya":[6,83,133],"has":[7,46],"emphasised":[8],"the":[9,54,67,72,89,124,126,137,166,192],"coercive":[10,69,111],"nature":[11],"of":[12,26,53,56,64,71,75,91,128,147,158,200],"\u2018Britain's":[13],"dirty":[14],"wars\u2019.":[15],"Abuses":[16],"have":[17],"been":[18,47],"detailed":[19],"a":[21,48,178,184],"self-congratulatory":[22],"Cold":[23,92],"War-era":[24,93],"account":[25],"British":[27,94,134],"counter-insurgency":[28,95],"\u2013":[29,39],"as":[30],"\u2018winning":[31,57,100,173],"hearts":[32,58,101,160,174],"minds\u2019":[34,103,176],"using":[36],"minimum":[37],"force":[38],"subjected":[40],"to":[41,86,151,155],"intensifying":[42],"attack.":[43],"The":[44],"result":[45],"swing":[49],"from":[50],"over-sanitised":[51],"narratives":[52],"primacy":[55],"minds\u2019,":[60],"towards":[61],"revisionist":[62],"accounts":[63],"relentless":[65],"coercion,":[66],"narrowly":[68],"role":[70],"army,":[73],"widespread":[76],"abuses.":[77],"This":[78,162],"article":[79,163],"argues":[80],"that,":[81],"if":[82],"is":[84],"anything":[85],"go":[87],"by,":[88],"essence":[90],"victories":[96],"lay":[97,117],"neither":[98],"in":[99,107,118,123,149],"per":[104,113],"se,":[105],"nor":[106],"disaggregated":[108],"highly":[110],"tactics":[112,135],"se.":[114],"Rather,":[115],"it":[116],"population":[119],"spatial":[121],"control":[122],"which":[125],"interaction":[127],"both":[129],"was":[130],"embedded.":[131],"In":[132],"during":[136,197],"most":[138],"critical":[139],"campaign":[140],"phases":[141,199],"counterpoised":[142],"punitive":[143],"reward":[145],"aspects":[146],"counter-insurgency,":[148],"order":[150],"persuade":[152],"people's":[153],"minds":[154],"cooperate,":[156],"regardless":[157],"what":[159],"felt.":[161],"thus":[164],"makes":[165],"case":[167],"for":[168,183],"avoiding":[169],"artificial":[170],"contrasts":[171],"between":[172],"\u2018coercive\u2019":[179],"approach,":[180],"instead":[182],"new":[185],"orthodoxy":[186],"focusing":[187],"their":[189],"roles":[190],"within":[191],"organising":[193],"framework":[194],"at":[195],"play":[196],"successful":[198],"counter-insurgency.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
