{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2019755392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-8520.00029","title":"Social Networks and Entrepreneurship","display_name":"Social Networks and Entrepreneurship","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2019755392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-8520.00029","mag":"2019755392"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/1540-8520.00029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-8520.00029","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-8520.00029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S187626162","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice","issn_l":"1042-2587","issn":["1042-2587","1540-6520","1540-8520"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017873978","display_name":"Arent Greve","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I931913249","display_name":"Norwegian School of Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/04v53s997","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I931913249"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arent Greve","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Strategy and Management at the Norwegian School of Economics and Business","Arent Grave is a professor in the Department of Strategy and Management at the Norwegian School of Economics and Business"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Strategy and Management at the Norwegian School of Economics and Business","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I931913249"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arent Grave is a professor in the Department of Strategy and Management at the Norwegian School of Economics and Business","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I931913249"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070893783","display_name":"Janet W. Salaff","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janet W. Salaff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Urban and Community Studus at the University of Toronto","Janet W. Salaff is a professor at the Center for Urban and Community Studus at the University of Toronto"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Urban and Community Studus at the University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Janet W. Salaff is a professor at the Center for Urban and Community Studus at the University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017873978"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I931913249"],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":45.2968,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1679,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99802859,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12693","display_name":"Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11239","display_name":"Social Capital and Networks","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-networks","display_name":"social networks","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurship","display_name":"entrepreneurship","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/company-formation","display_name":"company formation","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-activity","display_name":"network activity","score":0.42899999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-networks","display_name":"family networks","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinship","display_name":"kinship","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/succession","display_name":"succession","score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-national-comparison","display_name":"cross-national comparison","score":0.7059999704360962}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.7975064516067505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6105008721351624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778720315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5442755","display_name":"Female entrepreneurs","level":3,"score":0.5287197232246399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112947039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2360816","display_name":"Business networking","level":4,"score":0.46618717908859253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4727928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164759","display_name":"Social network (sociolinguistics)","level":3,"score":0.4631478488445282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.46089309453964233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991854812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5442755","display_name":"Women entrepreneurs","level":3,"score":0.43189117312431335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.42325127124786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3982144594192505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4216890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815823","display_name":"Business model","level":2,"score":0.22312435507774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.2021651268005371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.16245487332344055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65257409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q734253","display_name":"Electronic business","level":3,"score":0.14591577649116516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1230926513671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0930403470993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/1540-8520.00029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-8520.00029","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-8520.00029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S187626162","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice","issn_l":"1042-2587","issn":["1042-2587","1540-6520","1540-8520"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:entthe:v:28:y:2003:i:1:p:1-22","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1111/1540-8520.00029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.48510000109672546,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":96,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2590949","https://openalex.org/W24443232","https://openalex.org/W104183342","https://openalex.org/W151157839","https://openalex.org/W181062757","https://openalex.org/W950821216","https://openalex.org/W1484287495","https://openalex.org/W1537543935","https://openalex.org/W1551653989","https://openalex.org/W1551661023","https://openalex.org/W1580741197","https://openalex.org/W1581507255","https://openalex.org/W1600344298","https://openalex.org/W1793713313","https://openalex.org/W1843481659","https://openalex.org/W1918825908","https://openalex.org/W1965707271","https://openalex.org/W1967366727","https://openalex.org/W1972668795","https://openalex.org/W1978311462","https://openalex.org/W1981374161","https://openalex.org/W1982460525","https://openalex.org/W1984688723","https://openalex.org/W1986900453","https://openalex.org/W1992573695","https://openalex.org/W1994848348","https://openalex.org/W1998158947","https://openalex.org/W1999216122","https://openalex.org/W1999864199","https://openalex.org/W2000281623","https://openalex.org/W2000910811","https://openalex.org/W2014740757","https://openalex.org/W2015370254","https://openalex.org/W2021817255","https://openalex.org/W2024206327","https://openalex.org/W2030479876","https://openalex.org/W2031255121","https://openalex.org/W2031877412","https://openalex.org/W2034250651","https://openalex.org/W2038817869","https://openalex.org/W2044295466","https://openalex.org/W2044941890","https://openalex.org/W2047536979","https://openalex.org/W2047847661","https://openalex.org/W2066429596","https://openalex.org/W2068348937","https://openalex.org/W2072826109","https://openalex.org/W2072948949","https://openalex.org/W2074043226","https://openalex.org/W2074550873","https://openalex.org/W2078613933","https://openalex.org/W2078808258","https://openalex.org/W2079685316","https://openalex.org/W2085516897","https://openalex.org/W2092044265","https://openalex.org/W2095636314","https://openalex.org/W2105738429","https://openalex.org/W2109469951","https://openalex.org/W2115059495","https://openalex.org/W2121906964","https://openalex.org/W2126171312","https://openalex.org/W2128845411","https://openalex.org/W2133096875","https://openalex.org/W2133587644","https://openalex.org/W2138269415","https://openalex.org/W2153943092","https://openalex.org/W2158135958","https://openalex.org/W2159171830","https://openalex.org/W2159875138","https://openalex.org/W2162007013","https://openalex.org/W2164170887","https://openalex.org/W2222566039","https://openalex.org/W2239565467","https://openalex.org/W2324636915","https://openalex.org/W2329636563","https://openalex.org/W2330007739","https://openalex.org/W2344968943","https://openalex.org/W2429679212","https://openalex.org/W2504898144","https://openalex.org/W2606343924","https://openalex.org/W2782753772","https://openalex.org/W2783338903","https://openalex.org/W2783524070","https://openalex.org/W2793316938","https://openalex.org/W2797105966","https://openalex.org/W2804342543","https://openalex.org/W2981797476","https://openalex.org/W3022339544","https://openalex.org/W3023453552","https://openalex.org/W3083399555","https://openalex.org/W3124826221","https://openalex.org/W3125660378","https://openalex.org/W4233495241","https://openalex.org/W4244387885","https://openalex.org/W4254792996","https://openalex.org/W4299601558"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2078613933","https://openalex.org/W2055273927","https://openalex.org/W1533750306","https://openalex.org/W1556073456","https://openalex.org/W2031255121","https://openalex.org/W3170018895","https://openalex.org/W2632665808","https://openalex.org/W2140781285","https://openalex.org/W2042245308","https://openalex.org/W2800554595"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,31],"study":[1],"network":[2],"activities":[3],"of":[4,9,25,43,47,135],"entrepreneurs":[5,34,110],"through":[6],"three":[7],"phases":[8],"establishing":[10,26],"a":[11,29,92],"firm":[12],"in":[13,19,71,74,125,133],"four":[14],"countries.":[15,127],"Entrepreneurs":[16,56],"access":[17],"people":[18,60],"their":[20,48,72,89],"networks":[21,36,73,137],"to":[22,91],"discuss":[23],"aspects":[24],"and":[27,51,97,138],"running":[28],"business.":[30],"find":[32],"that":[33,37],"build":[35],"systematically":[38],"vary":[39],"by":[40],"the":[41,52,62,112,123],"phase":[42],"entrepreneurship,":[44],"analyzing":[45],"number":[46],"discussion":[49,136],"partners,":[50],"time":[53,139],"spent":[54,140],"networking.":[55,141],"talk":[57],"with":[58],"more":[59,99],"during":[61],"planning":[63],"than":[64,95,100],"other":[65],"phases.":[66],"Family":[67],"members":[68],"are":[69,122,130],"present":[70],"all":[75,126],"phases,":[76],"particularly":[77],"among":[78],"those":[79],"who":[80],"took":[81],"over":[82,105],"an":[83,106],"existing":[84,107],"firm.":[85,108],"However,":[86,128],"women":[87],"use":[88],"kin":[90],"larger":[93],"extent":[94],"men,":[96],"even":[98],"men":[101],"when":[102],"they":[103],"take":[104],"Experienced":[109],"have":[111],"same":[113,124],"networking":[114,120],"patterns":[115,121],"as":[116],"novices.":[117],"Moreover,":[118],"these":[119],"there":[129],"country":[131],"differences":[132],"size":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":68},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":82},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":95},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":94},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":107},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":99},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":95},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":108},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":103},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":81},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":107},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":95},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":83},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":78}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}