{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2019749884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217732397003186","title":"Can Extremal Black Holes have Nonzero Entropy?","display_name":"Can Extremal Black Holes have Nonzero Entropy?","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-12-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2019749884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217732397003186","mag":"2019749884"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0217732397003186","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217732397003186","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217732397003186","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45468527","display_name":"Modern Physics Letters A","issn_l":"0217-7323","issn":["0217-7323","1793-6632"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Modern Physics Letters A","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-th/9608162","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Saurya Das","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59611059","display_name":"Institute of Mathematical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05078rg59","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59611059"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saurya Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, CIT Campus, Madras 600113, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, CIT Campus, Madras 600113, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59611059"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Arundhati Dasgupta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59611059","display_name":"Institute of Mathematical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05078rg59","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59611059"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arundhati Dasgupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, CIT Campus, Madras 600113, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, CIT Campus, Madras 600113, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59611059"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"P. Ramadevi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59611059","display_name":"Institute of Mathematical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05078rg59","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59611059"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Ramadevi","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, CIT Campus, Madras 600113, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, CIT Campus, Madras 600113, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59611059"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59611059"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6627,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69907345,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"39","first_page":"3067","last_page":"3079"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10025","display_name":"Black Holes and Theoretical Physics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10025","display_name":"Black Holes and Theoretical Physics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12261","display_name":"Statistical Mechanics and Entropy","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10744","display_name":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremal-black-holes","display_name":"extremal black holes","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-hole-entropy","display_name":"black hole entropy","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bekenstein-hawking-formula","display_name":"Bekenstein-Hawking formula","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/near-extremal-black-holes","display_name":"near-extremal black holes","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bps-states","display_name":"BPS states","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string-theory","display_name":"string theory","score":0.5049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/area-law","display_name":"area law","score":0.9110000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.932699978351593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49987212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33198","display_name":"String theory","level":2,"score":0.5985000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5871999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63745668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911284","display_name":"Black hole thermodynamics","level":3,"score":0.5512999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.5511000156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188655511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609501","display_name":"Micro black hole","level":4,"score":0.4876999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50341732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q880302","display_name":"Black hole (networking)","level":5,"score":0.4584999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777727622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251772","display_name":"Degeneracy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.42809998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104062141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2601295","display_name":"Extremal black hole","level":3,"score":0.4180000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40745267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q497396","display_name":"Hawking radiation","level":3,"score":0.4131999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.38760000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87452409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740956","display_name":"Black brane","level":4,"score":0.3666999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171364823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5511048","display_name":"Fuzzball","level":5,"score":0.3215000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144951741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131468","display_name":"White hole","level":3,"score":0.2985999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115047598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54505","display_name":"Quantum field theory","level":2,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108568745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234181","display_name":"Quantum gravity","level":3,"score":0.2849999964237213}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0217732397003186","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217732397003186","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217732397003186","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45468527","display_name":"Modern Physics Letters A","issn_l":"0217-7323","issn":["0217-7323","1793-6632"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Modern Physics Letters A","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:hep-th/9608162","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/9608162","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-th/9608162","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:309419","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/309419","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402195","display_name":"CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/9608162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/9608162","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/9608162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:hep-th/9608162","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/9608162","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-th/9608162","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2019749884.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2019749884.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1668210046","https://openalex.org/W1980076076","https://openalex.org/W1982691110","https://openalex.org/W1994235829","https://openalex.org/W1996860404","https://openalex.org/W2008341518","https://openalex.org/W2022487148","https://openalex.org/W2022597791","https://openalex.org/W2030236938","https://openalex.org/W2033735023","https://openalex.org/W2042039466","https://openalex.org/W2042650304","https://openalex.org/W2057558286","https://openalex.org/W2065299111","https://openalex.org/W2067314427","https://openalex.org/W2073614231","https://openalex.org/W2086867460","https://openalex.org/W2127668517","https://openalex.org/W2130491267","https://openalex.org/W2137916820","https://openalex.org/W2138793297","https://openalex.org/W2146478425","https://openalex.org/W2172033635","https://openalex.org/W2756559474","https://openalex.org/W3116667212","https://openalex.org/W4234933822"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100039398","https://openalex.org/W7100232886","https://openalex.org/W56707965","https://openalex.org/W7099780872","https://openalex.org/W2107518412","https://openalex.org/W7096613956","https://openalex.org/W7101061881","https://openalex.org/W2138793297","https://openalex.org/W1998319212","https://openalex.org/W2102589000"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,21],"give":[1],"several":[2],"pieces":[3],"of":[4,17,31,39,50,52,56,61],"evidence":[5],"to":[6,74],"show":[7],"that":[8,28,38],"extremal":[9,32,62],"black":[10,19,33,64],"holes":[11,34,65],"cannot":[12],"be":[13],"obtained":[14],"as":[15],"limits":[16],"non-extremal":[18],"holes.":[20],"review":[22],"arguments":[23],"in":[24],"the":[25,29,43,48,59,67],"literature":[26],"showing":[27],"entropy":[30,60],"is":[35,72],"zero,":[36],"while":[37],"near-extremal":[40],"ones":[41],"obey":[42],"Bekenstein\u2013Hawking":[44],"formula.":[45],"However,":[46],"from":[47],"counting":[49],"degeneracy":[51],"quantum":[53],"(BPS)":[54],"states":[55],"string":[57],"theory":[58],"stringy":[63],"obeys":[66],"area":[68],"law.":[69],"An":[70],"attempt":[71],"made":[73],"reconcile":[75],"these":[76],"arguments.":[77]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}