{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2019735201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.1997.0018","title":"Accountability for Past Abuses","display_name":"Accountability for Past Abuses","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2019735201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.1997.0018","mag":"2019735201"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/hrq.1997.0018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.1997.0018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.1997.0018","pdf_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/13577/summary","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38600022","display_name":"Human Rights Quarterly","issn_l":"0275-0392","issn":["0275-0392","1085-794X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315678","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315678","https://openalex.org/P4310316510"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Johns Hopkins University Press","Johns Hopkins University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Rights Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/13577/summary","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007515189","display_name":"Juan E. M\u00e9ndez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181401687","display_name":"American University","ror":"https://ror.org/052w4zt36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181401687"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Juan E Mendez","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University Washington College of Law American University Washington College of Law Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University Washington College of Law American University Washington College of Law Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181401687"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007515189"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181401687"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.1301,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":220,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98359957,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"2","first_page":"255","last_page":"282"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14492","display_name":"War, Law, and Justice","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14492","display_name":"War, Law, and Justice","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12493","display_name":"Memory, violence, and history","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10749","display_name":"International Law and Human Rights","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transitional-justice","display_name":"transitional justice","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-rights-violations","display_name":"human rights violations","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/truth-and-justice","display_name":"truth and justice","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reparations","display_name":"reparations","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-prosecution","display_name":"criminal prosecution","score":0.4169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratization","display_name":"democratization","score":0.6389999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.8745666742324829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6122528314590454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169437150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458","display_name":"Human rights","level":2,"score":0.5972693562507629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5908128619194031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5893067121505737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.5464715361595154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.5286532044410706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.5188430547714233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.48345622420310974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3634995222091675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.35134628415107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.32326725125312805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.18175852298736572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/hrq.1997.0018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.1997.0018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.1997.0018","pdf_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/13577/summary","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38600022","display_name":"Human Rights Quarterly","issn_l":"0275-0392","issn":["0275-0392","1085-794X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315678","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315678","https://openalex.org/P4310316510"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Johns Hopkins University Press","Johns Hopkins University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Rights Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu:facsch_lawrev-2690","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/facsch_lawrev/1696","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401049","display_name":"eYLS (Yale Law School)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","host_organization_name":"Yale University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/13577","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/13577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/26126461","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/online_resource/Accountability_for_Past_Abuses/26126461","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.7274/26126461.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7274/26126461.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7274/26126461.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407053147","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Other"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/hrq.1997.0018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.1997.0018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.1997.0018","pdf_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/13577/summary","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38600022","display_name":"Human Rights Quarterly","issn_l":"0275-0392","issn":["0275-0392","1085-794X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315678","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315678","https://openalex.org/P4310316510"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Johns Hopkins University Press","Johns Hopkins University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Rights Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2019735201.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2019735201.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50860310","https://openalex.org/W2548985224","https://openalex.org/W2797172896","https://openalex.org/W2802716140"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4238400631","https://openalex.org/W2481503175","https://openalex.org/W2417415153","https://openalex.org/W2478531736","https://openalex.org/W1711445158","https://openalex.org/W1521848675","https://openalex.org/W2904274091","https://openalex.org/W1500303902","https://openalex.org/W4234566474","https://openalex.org/W2133655986"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,57],"transitions":[2,90],"to":[3,71,79,95,128,132,155,165,169],"democracy":[4],"in":[5,46,52,181],"the":[6,15,32,47,54,65,68,72,85,123,126,129,153,171,174],"1980s":[7],"have":[8],"yielded":[9],"a":[10,20,186,194,217,238,268,373],"wealth":[11],"of":[12,23,49,74,106,110,125],"experience":[13],"regarding":[14],"way":[16],"societies":[17],"reckon":[18],"with":[19,38],"recent":[21],"past":[22],"massive":[24],"human":[25,75],"rights":[26,76],"violations.":[27],"This":[28],"paper":[29],"looks":[30,83],"at":[31,84],"most":[33,89],"influential":[34],"literature":[35],"produced":[36],"contemporaneously":[37],"those":[39],"experiences":[40],"and":[41,62,78,81,100,131,136,145,168,176],"analyzes":[42],"its":[43],"current":[44],"validity":[45],"light":[48],"new":[50],"contexts":[51],"which":[53],"issue":[55],"arises.":[56],"author":[58],"places":[59],"emphasis":[60],"first":[61],"foremost":[63],"on":[64,92,139],"duties":[66,103,154],"that":[67,88,113,115,158],"State":[69,127],"owes":[70],"victims":[73,130],"violations":[77],"society":[80,133],"then":[82],"objective":[86],"limitations":[87],"place":[91],"governments'":[93],"ability":[94],"satisfy":[96],"demands":[97,114],"for":[98],"truth":[99],"justice.":[101],"These":[102],"are":[104,134,147],"part":[105],"an":[107],"emerging":[108],"rule":[109],"international":[111],"law":[112],"certain":[116],"crimes":[117],"should":[118],"not":[119,137],"go":[120],"unpunished.":[121],"But":[122],"obligations":[124],"varied":[135],"dependent":[138],"each":[140,163],"other;":[141],"even":[142],"if":[143],"prosecution":[144],"punishment":[146],"rendered":[148],"legally":[149],"or":[150],"politically":[151],"impossible,":[152],"disclose":[156],"all":[157],"can":[159],"be":[160],"established":[161],"about":[162],"violation,":[164],"offer":[166],"reparations,":[167],"dismiss":[170],"culprits":[172],"from":[173],"armed":[175],"security":[177],"forces":[178],"remain":[179],"fully":[180],"force.":[182],"Resumen":[183],"Las":[184],"transiciones":[185,288],"la":[187,203,224,239,274,284,291,334],"democracia":[188],"en":[189,200,205,245,261,277],"los":[190,218,242,257,269,294,353,374],"ochentas":[191],"dieron":[192],"lugar":[193],"una":[195],"significativa":[196],"acumulaci\u00f3n":[197],"de":[198,214,241,266,286,293,299,307,311,355,364,367,371,376,379,384],"experiencias":[199,232],"relaci\u00f3n":[201,262],"con":[202,211,230,263,273],"forma":[204],"que":[206,246,283,314,316,359],"las":[207,264,280,287,325,330,377,380],"sociedades":[208],"ajustan":[209],"cuentas":[210],"pasados":[212],"recientes":[213],"masivas":[215],"violaciones":[216,267],"derechos":[219,270],"humanos.":[220],"Este":[221],"art\u00edculo":[222],"revisa":[223],"m\u00e1s":[225],"influyente":[226],"literatura":[227],"producida":[228],"contempor\u00e1neamente":[229],"esas":[231],"y":[233,255,272,301,332,346,370,383],"analiza":[234],"su":[235],"validez":[236],"actual":[237],"luz":[240],"nuevos":[243],"contextos":[244],"este":[247],"problema":[248],"se":[249],"plantea.":[250],"Se":[251],"propone":[252],"observar,":[253],"primera":[254],"principalmente,":[256],"deberes":[258,304,354],"del":[259,327],"Estado":[260,328],"v\u00edctimas":[265,331],"humanos":[271],"sociedad":[275,335],"y,":[276],"segundo":[278],"lugar,":[279],"limitaciones":[281],"objetivas":[282],"mayor\u00eda":[285],"plantean":[289],"sobre":[290],"capacidad":[292],"gobiernos":[295],"para":[296],"satisfacer":[297],"demandas":[298],"verdad":[300],"justicia.":[302],"Esos":[303],"son":[305,336],"parte":[306],"un":[308],"emergente":[309],"regla":[310],"derecho":[312],"internacional":[313],"demanda":[315],"ciertos":[317],"cr\u00edmenes":[318],"no":[319],"pasen":[320],"sin":[321],"recibir":[322],"castigo.":[323],"Pero":[324],"obligaciones":[326],"hacia":[329,333],"variadas":[337],"e":[338],"independientes":[339],"entre":[340],"s\u00ed;":[341],"a\u00fan":[342],"cuando":[343],"el":[344],"enjuiciamiento":[345],"castigo":[347],"resultaran":[348],"legal":[349],"o":[350],"pol\u00edticamente":[351],"imposibles,":[352],"revelar":[356],"todo":[357],"lo":[358],"puede":[360],"ser":[361],"establecido":[362],"acerca":[363],"cada":[365],"violaci\u00f3n,":[366],"ofrecer":[368],"reparaciones":[369],"expulsar":[372],"culpables":[375],"filas":[378],"fuerzas":[381],"armadas":[382],"seguridad":[385],"conservan":[386],"plena":[387],"vigencia.":[388]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}