{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2019636307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1978.29-77","title":"EFFECTS ON CHOICE OF REINFORCEMENT DELAY AND CONDITIONED REINFORCEMENT 1","display_name":"EFFECTS ON CHOICE OF REINFORCEMENT DELAY AND CONDITIONED REINFORCEMENT 1","publication_year":1978,"publication_date":"1978-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2019636307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1978.29-77","mag":"2019636307","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16812041","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1332810"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1901/jeab.1978.29-77","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1978.29-77","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1978.29-77","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1901/jeab.1978.29-77","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168850678","display_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","issn_l":"0022-5002","issn":["0022-5002","1938-3711"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1901/jeab.1978.29-77","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103420950","display_name":"Ben A. Williams","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ben A. Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082653401","display_name":"Edmund J. Fantino","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edmund Fantino","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103420950"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8758,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":124,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88255034,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"1","first_page":"77","last_page":"86"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.5473999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.5473999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.2605000138282776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.13539999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delayed-reinforcement","display_name":"delayed reinforcement","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixed-interval-schedules","display_name":"fixed-interval schedules","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"matching","score":0.4309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pigeons","display_name":"pigeons","score":0.7110000252723694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.8557637333869934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83195618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q590951","display_name":"Cued speech","level":2,"score":0.8200803995132446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6137272715568542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5900250673294067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.533344030380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778067643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166507","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4913901388645172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.4624713957309723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.45426174998283386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172081034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185961","display_name":"Time perception","level":3,"score":0.4144500195980072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112758219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16038819","display_name":"Duration (music)","level":2,"score":0.4104686975479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2901630699634552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.27509018778800964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2500823736190796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.19586700201034546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.16178086400032043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.11822351813316345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.10813033580780029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1901/jeab.1978.29-77","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1978.29-77","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1978.29-77","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1901/jeab.1978.29-77","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168850678","display_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","issn_l":"0022-5002","issn":["0022-5002","1938-3711"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1332810","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1332810","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Exp Anal Behav","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:16812041","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16812041","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1901/jeab.1978.29-77","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1978.29-77","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1978.29-77","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1901/jeab.1978.29-77","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168850678","display_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","issn_l":"0022-5002","issn":["0022-5002","1938-3711"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2019636307.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2019636307.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W279210805","https://openalex.org/W1969701071","https://openalex.org/W1972405615","https://openalex.org/W1980196734","https://openalex.org/W2006515825","https://openalex.org/W2008463690","https://openalex.org/W2016792794","https://openalex.org/W2036162498","https://openalex.org/W2040220119","https://openalex.org/W2053333311","https://openalex.org/W2066153366","https://openalex.org/W2066234557","https://openalex.org/W2077207482","https://openalex.org/W2082430497","https://openalex.org/W2085974327","https://openalex.org/W2091144676","https://openalex.org/W2115232475","https://openalex.org/W2141463449","https://openalex.org/W2155730352"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027135855","https://openalex.org/W2150662660","https://openalex.org/W2055457069","https://openalex.org/W2040220119","https://openalex.org/W1964263562","https://openalex.org/W1981389195","https://openalex.org/W2042486411","https://openalex.org/W2010600690","https://openalex.org/W2151026895","https://openalex.org/W2043913431"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pigeons":[0],"chose":[1],"between":[2],"fixed-interval":[3,84,88,107],"schedules":[4,19,44,62],"of":[5,13,18,25,31,39,57,113,143,159,162,182,188,197],"different":[6,42,48,60],"durations":[7],"presented":[8],"in":[9,22,91,98,145,174],"the":[10,23,28,32,41,59,66,73,82,92,99,111,116,122,126,129,138,151,180,186,194,198],"terminal":[11,130,139],"links":[12],"concurrent-chains":[14],"schedules.":[15],"The":[16,141],"pair":[17],"was":[20,119,132,148],"always":[21],"ratio":[24],"2:1,":[26],"but":[27,103],"absolute":[29,195],"duration":[30],"fixed":[33],"intervals":[34],"varied.":[35],"In":[36,53,109],"one":[37],"set":[38,56],"conditions,":[40,58],"terminal-link":[43,61],"were":[45,63,95],"associated":[46,64],"with":[47,65,87,106,121,150,193],"keylight":[49],"stimuli":[50],"(cued":[51],"conditions).":[52,70],"a":[54],"second":[55],"same":[67],"stimulus":[68],"(uncued":[69],"Results":[71],"from":[72],"cued":[74,101],"conditions":[75,94,102,118,147],"replicated":[76],"previous":[77,163],"findings":[78],"that":[79,153,172],"preference":[80],"for":[81,165,185],"shorter":[83,187],"schedule":[85,127],"increased":[86,105,192],"duration.":[89],"Preferences":[90],"uncued":[93,117],"lower":[96],"than":[97],"corresponding":[100],"also":[104,191],"length.":[108],"addition,":[110],"degree":[112],"control":[114],"under":[115],"correlated":[120],"extent":[123],"to":[124],"which":[125],"during":[128],"link":[131],"discriminated":[133],"immediately":[134],"upon":[135],"entry":[136],"into":[137],"link.":[140],"pattern":[142],"results":[144],"both":[146],"inconsistent":[149],"notion":[152],"choice":[154],"behavior":[155],"matches":[156],"relative":[157],"immediacy":[158],"reinforcement.":[160],"Reanalysis":[161],"evidence":[164],"matching":[166,173],"(Chung":[167],"and":[168],"Herrnstein,":[169],"1967)":[170],"showed":[171],"fact":[175],"did":[176],"not":[177],"occur,":[178],"as":[179],"preferences":[181],"their":[183],"subjects":[184],"two":[189],"delays":[190],"size":[196],"delays.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}