{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2019543296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.1998.0842","title":"From Individuals to Aggregations: the Interplay between Behavior and Physics","display_name":"From Individuals to Aggregations: the Interplay between Behavior and Physics","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2019543296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.1998.0842","mag":"2019543296","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10036198"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1006/jtbi.1998.0842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.1998.0842","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.1998.0842","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109682412","display_name":"Journal of Theoretical Biology","issn_l":"0022-5193","issn":["0022-5193","1095-8541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Theoretical Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010098161","display_name":"Glenn R. Flierl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3589-5249","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3589-5249"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"G. Flierl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, M.I.T., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, M.I.T., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115589007","display_name":"Daniel Gr\u00fcnbaum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7511-3611","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7511-3611","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2806-1369"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Gr\u00fcnbaum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077712228","display_name":"Simon A. Levin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8216-5639","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8216-5639","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0895-0361"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Levin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1003, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1003, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037598694","display_name":"Donald B. Olson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7180-5672","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7180-5672","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5779-5356"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Olson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010098161"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":{"value":2550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.2781,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":368,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98959604,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"196","issue":"4","first_page":"397","last_page":"454"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10482","display_name":"Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models","score":0.4269999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10482","display_name":"Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models","score":0.4269999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10174","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Reproduction","score":0.12229999899864197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.05950000137090683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-behavior","display_name":"collective behavior","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-formation","display_name":"group formation","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agent-based-modeling","display_name":"agent-based modeling","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbulence","display_name":"turbulent flow","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shear-flow","display_name":"shear flow","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encounter-rate","display_name":"encounter rate","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-mergers","display_name":"group mergers","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuum-model","display_name":"continuum model","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-size-distribution","display_name":"group size distribution","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggregation","display_name":"aggregation","score":0.43700000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aquatic-organisms","display_name":"aquatic organisms","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-forces","display_name":"social forces","score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-variability","display_name":"environmental variability","score":0.746999979019165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.581902265548706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.51706463098526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.41111665964126587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.3937414884567261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3537274897098541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.32966354489326477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32594597339630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.279491126537323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2533912658691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.18750739097595215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004777","descriptor_name":"Environment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010825","descriptor_name":"Physics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012919","descriptor_name":"Social Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055585","descriptor_name":"Physical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1006/jtbi.1998.0842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.1998.0842","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.1998.0842","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109682412","display_name":"Journal of Theoretical Biology","issn_l":"0022-5193","issn":["0022-5193","1095-8541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Theoretical Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10036198","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10036198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of theoretical biology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.409.4162","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.409.4162","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://faculty.washington.edu/random/Reprints/FGLO_JTB99.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2912691117","https://openalex.org/W3205475861","https://openalex.org/W2037730640","https://openalex.org/W2909162712","https://openalex.org/W7097024037","https://openalex.org/W7096038060","https://openalex.org/W1923553352","https://openalex.org/W2071371617","https://openalex.org/W7099538600","https://openalex.org/W4416936860"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":20}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}