{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2019538882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.9.11.1013","title":"Functional Genomics and Rat Models","display_name":"Functional Genomics and Rat Models","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2019538882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.9.11.1013","mag":"2019538882","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10568741"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1101/gr.9.11.1013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.9.11.1013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.9.11.1013","pdf_url":"https://genome.cshlp.org/content/9/11/1013.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43092948","display_name":"Genome Research","issn_l":"1088-9051","issn":["1088-9051","1549-5469"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315909","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Genome Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://genome.cshlp.org/content/9/11/1013.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103822327","display_name":"Howard J. Jacob","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1521-3055","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1521-3055"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204308271","display_name":"Medical College of Wisconsin","ror":"https://ror.org/00qqv6244","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204308271"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Howard J. Jacob","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Laboratory for Genetic Research, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Laboratory for Genetic Research, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204308271"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103822327"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204308271"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":193,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"11","first_page":"1013","last_page":"1016"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12281","display_name":"Animal testing and alternatives","score":0.2020999938249588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12281","display_name":"Animal testing and alternatives","score":0.2020999938249588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10015","display_name":"Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies","score":0.15219999849796295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12929","display_name":"Animal Genetics and Reproduction","score":0.06769999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laboratory-rats","display_name":"laboratory rats","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rattus-norvegicus","display_name":"Rattus norvegicus","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-genomics","display_name":"functional genomics","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rat-genetics","display_name":"rat genetics","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-function-annotation","display_name":"gene function annotation","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genome-annotation","display_name":"genome annotation","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inbred-rat-strains","display_name":"inbred rat strains","score":0.6639999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7542661428451538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776738285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3126128","display_name":"Geneticist","level":2,"score":0.7262349128723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6141104102134705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189206191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222046","display_name":"Genomics","level":4,"score":0.5770073533058167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5297984480857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988867146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Human disease","level":3,"score":0.5256102085113525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161078062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068690","display_name":"Functional genomics","level":5,"score":0.5090331435203552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134387633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11395","display_name":"Domestication","level":2,"score":0.4969470798969269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.49126023054122925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141231307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020","display_name":"Genome","level":3,"score":0.46303045749664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197077220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q720988","display_name":"Human genome","level":4,"score":0.4436769187450409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.43553900718688965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.3823842406272888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.36775773763656616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.3601856827735901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.23427879810333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.11905181407928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0949995219707489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016678","descriptor_name":"Genome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1101/gr.9.11.1013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.9.11.1013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.9.11.1013","pdf_url":"https://genome.cshlp.org/content/9/11/1013.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43092948","display_name":"Genome Research","issn_l":"1088-9051","issn":["1088-9051","1549-5469"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315909","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Genome Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10568741","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10568741","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Genome research","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1101/gr.9.11.1013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.9.11.1013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.9.11.1013","pdf_url":"https://genome.cshlp.org/content/9/11/1013.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43092948","display_name":"Genome Research","issn_l":"1088-9051","issn":["1088-9051","1549-5469"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315909","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Genome Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2019538882.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2019538882.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963502101","https://openalex.org/W2045928524","https://openalex.org/W2070928296","https://openalex.org/W2076195409","https://openalex.org/W2093465672","https://openalex.org/W2131884876","https://openalex.org/W2580933719"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2425317048","https://openalex.org/W1849567181","https://openalex.org/W6793103","https://openalex.org/W7098202504","https://openalex.org/W1972037027","https://openalex.org/W2148218072","https://openalex.org/W1498799134","https://openalex.org/W3177370881","https://openalex.org/W2529573769","https://openalex.org/W1561305441"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,211,325,384],"20th":[1],"Century":[2],"has":[3,240,304],"seen":[4],"a":[5,87,110,172,311,321,379,495],"remarkable":[6],"number":[7,497],"of":[8,17,25,36,56,60,70,75,79,101,152,158,161,180,269,283,295,343,362,406,421,432,446,457,467,498,530,557],"inventions":[9],"and":[10,20,39,121,300,338,353,365,437,454,461,479,560,566,576,592,595,607],"technological":[11],"advances":[12],"in":[13,32,40,86,98,154,175,202,206,292,370,394,515,535],"virtually":[14],"all":[15,140],"aspects":[16],"human":[18,37,81,102],"life":[19],"health":[21],"care.":[22],"Many":[23],"areas":[24],"biomedical":[26,250,439,481],"research":[27,93,264,534],"have":[28,271],"made":[29],"great":[30],"strides":[31],"unraveling":[33],"the":[34,54,57,67,71,73,76,80,115,125,128,135,147,159,165,178,196,198,204,207,217,238,242,259,267,278,281,284,293,302,308,341,360,363,402,415,419,427,430,443,455,484,536,558],"cause":[35,55],"disease":[38,62,505,513],"developing":[41],"new":[42,88],"therapies":[43],"to":[44,84,106,113,132,144,146,170,177,229,288,336,372,503],"counter,":[45],"or":[46,518],"at":[47,359],"least":[48],"improve,":[49],"outcome":[50],"from":[51,127,334],"disease.":[52,103],"However,":[53],"vast":[58],"majority":[59],"common":[61],"remains":[63],"poorly":[64],"defined.":[65],"In":[66,286],"final":[68],"year":[69,256,397],"millennium,":[72],"release":[74],"draft":[77],"sequence":[78,117],"genome":[82,205],"promises":[83],"bring":[85],"era":[89],"for":[90,222,249,401,423,434,533],"basic":[91,122],"science":[92],"and,":[94],"hopefully,":[95],"unprecedented":[96],"growth":[97,565],"our":[99],"understanding":[100],"For":[104,524],"this":[105,235,412],"occur":[107],"there":[108,526],"is":[109,167,378],"critical":[111],"need":[112],"annotate":[114],"genomic":[116],"with":[118,225],"gene":[119,181],"function":[120],"biology.":[123],"Typically,":[124],"view":[126],"geneticist":[129],"immediately":[130],"turns":[131],"mouse,":[133,407],"as":[134,149,310],"mammalian":[136,184,219,424],"contributor.":[137],"Yet,":[138],"not":[139],"biologists":[141],"are":[142,527],"willing":[143],"convert":[145],"mouse":[148,166,309,416,444,474],"their":[150],"system":[151],"choice,":[153],"many":[155,458],"cases":[156],"because":[157,445,486],"existence":[160],"better":[162],"models.":[163],"Although":[164],"undoubtedly":[168],"going":[169],"play":[171,201],"major":[173],"role":[174,197,291],"contributing":[176],"annotation":[179],"function,":[182],"other":[183,438,462,480],"species":[185,220],"will":[186,200],"also":[187],"make":[188],"significant":[189],"contributions.":[190],"This":[191],"Insight/Outlook":[192],"piece":[193],"focuses":[194],"on":[195,276,340],"rat":[199,239,303,318,375,386,428,485,499],"annotating":[203],"functional":[208],"genomics":[209],"era.":[210],"laboratory":[212],"rat,":[213],"Rattus":[214],"norvegicus,":[215],"was":[216,390],"first":[218,326,385,403],"domesticated":[221],"scientific":[223],"research,":[224],"work":[226],"dating":[227],"back":[228],"before":[230],"1850":[231],"(Lindsey":[232,346,382,409],"1979).":[233,347,383,410],"From":[234],"auspicious":[236],"beginning,":[237],"become":[241],"most":[243,274],"widely":[244],"studied":[245],"experimental":[246,491],"animal":[247],"model":[248,420,431],"research.":[251],"Since":[252],"1966":[253],"(the":[254],"earliest":[255],"covered":[257],"by":[258,332,392,473,507],"Medline":[260],"database),":[261],"nearly":[262],"500,000":[263],"articles":[265],"reporting":[266],"use":[268],"rats":[270,531],"been":[272,471],"published,":[273],"focused":[275,339],"evaluating":[277],"biology":[279],"and/or":[280],"pathobiology":[282],"rat.":[285],"contrast":[287],"its":[289,447,487],"central":[290],"study":[294],"behavior,":[296,544],"biochemistry,":[297],"neurobiology,":[298],"physiology,":[299,584],"pharmacology,":[301,581],"lagged":[305],"far":[306],"behind":[307],"genetic":[312,327],"\u201cmodel\u201d":[313],"organism,":[314],"until":[315],"recently.":[316],"Historically,":[317],"genetics":[319],"had":[320,470],"surprisingly":[322],"early":[323],"start.":[324],"studies":[328],"were":[329,501],"carried":[330],"out":[331],"Crampe":[333],"1877":[335],"1885":[337],"inheritance":[342],"coat":[344,376,459],"color":[345,377,460],"Hugo":[348],"De":[349],"Vries,":[350],"Karl":[351],"Correns,":[352],"Erich":[354],"Tschermak":[355],"rediscovered":[356],"Mendel\u2019s":[357],"laws":[358],"turn":[361],"century,":[364],"Bateson":[366],"used":[367,502,532],"these":[368],"concepts":[369],"1903":[371],"demonstrate":[373],"that":[374,398],"Mendelian":[380,465],"trait":[381],"inbred":[387,404,528],"strain,":[388],"PA,":[389],"established":[391],"King":[393],"1909\u2014the":[395],"same":[396],"inbreeding":[399],"began":[400],"strain":[405],"DBA":[408],"Despite":[411],"parallel":[413],"start,":[414],"soon":[417],"became":[418,429],"choice":[422,433],"geneticists,":[425],"whereas":[426],"physiologists,":[435],"nutritionists,":[436],"researchers.":[440],"Geneticists":[441],"preferred":[442],"smaller":[448],"size,":[449],"which":[450,469,510],"simplified":[451],"housing":[452],"requirements,":[453],"availability":[456],"mutants":[463],"exhibiting":[464],"patterns":[466],"inheritance,":[468],"collected":[472],"fanciers":[475],"(Nishioka":[476],"1995).":[477],"Physiologists":[478],"researchers":[482],"favored":[483],"larger":[488],"size":[489],"facilitated":[490],"interventions.":[492],"Over":[493],"time":[494],"large":[496],"strains":[500,517,529],"develop":[504],"models":[506],"selective":[508],"breeding,":[509],"\u201cfixes\u201d":[511],"natural":[512],"alleles":[514],"particular":[516],"colonies":[519],"(Greenhouse":[520],"et":[521,599,603],"al.":[522,600,604],"1990).":[523],"example,":[525],"following":[537],"areas:":[538],"addiction,":[539],"aging,":[540],"anatomy,":[541],"autoimmune":[542],"diseases,":[543,546,550,555,572,578,583],"blood":[545],"breast":[547],"cancer,":[548,551],"cardiovascular":[549],"comparative":[552],"genomics,":[553],"dental":[554],"diseases":[556],"skin":[559],"hair,":[561],"endocrinology,":[562],"eye":[563],"disorders,":[564,569,574,586,588],"reproduction,":[567],"hematologic":[568],"histology,":[570],"kidney":[571],"metabolic":[573],"neurological":[575],"neuromuscular":[577],"nutrition,":[579],"pathophysiology,":[580],"pulmonary":[582],"reproductive":[585],"skeletal":[587],"sleep":[589],"apnea,":[590],"transplantation":[591],"immunogenetics,":[593],"toxicology,":[594],"urological":[596],"disorders":[597],"(Gill":[598],"1989;":[601],"Greenhouse":[602],"1990;":[605],"James":[606],"Lindpaintner":[608],"1997).":[609]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}