{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2019522071","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cri.2004.0039","title":"Absolute Delusion, Perfect Buddhahood: The Rise and Fall of a Chinese Heresy (review)","display_name":"Absolute Delusion, Perfect Buddhahood: The Rise and Fall of a Chinese Heresy (review)","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2019522071","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cri.2004.0039","mag":"2019522071"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/cri.2004.0039","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cri.2004.0039","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cri.2004.0039","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111636273","display_name":"China review international","issn_l":"1069-5834","issn":["1069-5834","1527-9367"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315682","host_organization_name":"University of Hawaii Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315682"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Hawaii Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"China Review International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035126201","display_name":"Linda L Penkower","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Linda L Penkower","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035126201"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"186","last_page":"190"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11563","display_name":"Indian and Buddhist Studies","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11563","display_name":"Indian and Buddhist Studies","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10893","display_name":"Chinese history and philosophy","score":0.004600000102072954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13150","display_name":"Study and Philosophy of Religion","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-buddhism","display_name":"Chinese Buddhism","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dunhuang-manuscripts","display_name":"Dunhuang manuscripts","score":0.8790000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C506520463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160598","display_name":"Heresy","level":2,"score":0.5611311793327332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75699723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q748","display_name":"Buddhism","level":2,"score":0.5424067378044128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.49401432275772095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524757792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9441","display_name":"Gautama Buddha","level":3,"score":0.48962050676345825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778061430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188823","display_name":"Scholarship","level":2,"score":0.4668273329734802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74916050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090","display_name":"Classics","level":1,"score":0.41733086109161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.39124739170074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.34944647550582886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.3206513524055481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.3168405592441559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.29342567920684814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.15068268775939941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1503516435623169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11612564325332642}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/cri.2004.0039","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cri.2004.0039","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cri.2004.0039","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111636273","display_name":"China review international","issn_l":"1069-5834","issn":["1069-5834","1527-9367"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315682","host_organization_name":"University of Hawaii Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315682"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Hawaii Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"China Review International","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/51463","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/51463","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4300827096","https://openalex.org/W6963749862","https://openalex.org/W2011580547","https://openalex.org/W1532834556","https://openalex.org/W7063232443","https://openalex.org/W630676128","https://openalex.org/W2766688237","https://openalex.org/W417830021","https://openalex.org/W2253678864","https://openalex.org/W2115822896"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reviewed":[0],"by:":[1],"Absolute":[2,20,345],"Delusion,":[3,21,346],"Perfect":[4,22,347],"Buddhahood:":[5,23],"The":[6,24,155,168,262,612],"Rise":[7,25],"and":[8,26,37,65,92,121,153,217,219,243,260,273,282,295,298,322,356,371,414,418,425,437,456,476,482,580,602,646,660,664],"Fall":[9,27],"of":[10,28,34,43,62,68,75,82,110,134,146,157,165,170,181,252,292,335,338,367,382,392,396,405,429,453,473,478,492,531,544,548,560,577,587,622,670],"a":[11,29,60,144,320,329,361,390,433,570,634],"Chinese":[12,30,85,384,533],"Heresy":[13],"Linda":[14],"Penkower":[15],"(bio)":[16],"Jamie":[17,280,342],"Hubbard":[18,281,399,462,520],".":[19],"Heresy.":[31],"Nanzan":[32],"Library":[33],"Asian":[35,183],"Religion":[36],"Culture,":[38],"vol.":[39],"4.":[40],"Honolulu:":[41],"University":[42],"Hawai'i":[44],"Press,":[45],"2001.":[46],"xvii,":[47],"333":[48],"pp.":[49],"Hardcover":[50],"$45.00,":[51],"ISBN":[52,56],"0-8248-2341-9.":[53],"Paperback":[54],"$22.95,":[55],"0-8248-2345-1.":[57],"Due":[58],"to":[59,103,123,267,411,419,422,435,438,466,505,518,584,618,641,656],"series":[61],"perfunctory":[63],"suppressions":[64],"the":[66,72,76,79,83,115,132,135,158,162,226,253,304,308,311,333,336,365,378,388,393,430,440,446,471,479,506,516,532,537,542,545,554,567,573,585,590,598,603,620,638,668],"subordination":[67],"its":[69,93,257,415,420,460],"literature":[70],"into":[71,377],"apocryphal":[73],"section":[74],"scriptural":[77],"catalogs,":[78],"literary":[80],"legacy":[81],"medieval":[84,383],"Buddhist":[86,474,534],"Three":[87,254,312,374,447],"Levels":[88,255,313,375,448],"(Sanjie":[89],")":[90],"tradition":[91,449,601],"charismatic":[94],"founder":[95],"Xinxing":[96,370,468,540,594,632,651],"(540-594)":[97],"had":[98],"been":[99],"all":[100],"but":[101],"lost":[102],"normative":[104],"Buddhism":[105,339,578,588],"until":[106],"some":[107,234],"twenty":[108],"fragments":[109,148],"texts":[111],"were":[112,564],"rediscovered":[113],"among":[114,247],"Dunhuang":[116,212],"materials":[117,209],"by":[118,189,238,279,498,536,597,662],"Yabuki":[119],"Keiki":[120],"brought":[122],"light":[124],"in":[125,151,176,211,215,332,340,360,402,553,566,637,667],"his":[126,299,372,561],"groundbreaking":[127],"Sangaiky\u00f4":[128,196],"no":[129,197],"kenky\u00fb":[130,198],"at":[131],"beginning":[133],"last":[136,159],"century":[137,160,571],"(1927;":[138],"reprint,":[139],"Iwanami,":[140],"1974).":[141],"Since":[142],"then":[143],"number":[145],"other":[147],"have":[149],"appeared":[150,327],"Japan":[152],"elsewhere.":[154],"end":[156,507],"saw":[161],"translated":[163],"publication":[164],"Ochiai":[166],"Toshinori's":[167],"Manuscripts":[169],"Nanatsu-dera:":[171],"A":[172],"Recently":[173],"Discovered":[174],"Treasure-House":[175],"Downtown":[177],"Nagoya":[178],"(Italian":[179],"School":[180],"East":[182],"Studies,":[184],"1991).":[185],"This":[186],"was":[187,457,512],"followed":[188],"Nishimoto":[190],"Teruma's":[191],"massive":[192],"study":[193,391],"also":[194,265],"called":[195,303],"(Shunj\u00fbsha,":[199],"1991),":[200],"which":[201,519,630],"critically":[202],"analyzes":[203],"previous":[204],"Japanese":[205,239],"scholarship,":[206],"introduces":[207],"Sanjie":[208,222,511],"found":[210],"collections":[213],"housed":[214],"Taiwan":[216],"Russia,":[218],"takes":[220,463],"up":[221],"monastic":[223],"regulations":[224],"for":[225,307,387,459,514,527,609,614,625,631],"first":[227,359],"time.":[228],"In":[229,352],"all,":[230],"there":[231],"are":[232],"now":[233],"one":[235,491],"hundred":[236],"articles":[237],"scholars,":[240],"\u00d4tani":[241],"Sh\u00f4shin":[242],"Tsukamoto":[244],"Zenry\u00fb":[245],"notably":[246],"them,":[248],"on":[249,509],"various":[250],"aspects":[251],"movement,":[256],"literature,":[258],"doctrines,":[259],"practices.":[261],"West":[263],"has":[264,315],"come":[266],"know":[268,526],"something":[269],"about":[270,569],"Sanjie,":[271],"mainly":[272],"most":[274,309,496,530],"recently":[275],"through":[276],"earlier":[277],"efforts":[278],"Mark":[283],"E.":[284],"Lewis.":[285],"Yet,":[286],"despite":[287],"Xinxing's":[288,403],"intriguing":[289],"two-pronged":[290],"doctrine":[291],"universal":[293,296,546,623],"buddhahood":[294,626],"incorrigibility":[297],"innovative":[300],"charitable":[301],"enterprise":[302],"Inexhaustible":[305],"Storehouse,":[306],"part":[310],"movement":[314,376],"remained":[316],"best":[317],"known":[318],"as":[319,328,408,551],"renegade":[321],"marginalized":[323],"practice-oriented":[324],"group":[325],"that":[326,445,502,605],"mere":[330],"blip":[331],"history":[334,395],"development":[337],"China.":[341,489],"Hubbard's":[343,493],"long-awaited":[344],"Buddhahood":[348],"should":[349],"change":[350],"that.":[351],"this":[353,397,499],"carefully":[354],"researched":[355],"well-articulated":[357],"book\u2014the":[358],"Western":[362],"language\u2014Hubbard":[363],"begins":[364],"process":[366],"skillfully":[368],"weaving":[369],"elusive":[373],"increasingly":[379],"complex":[380],"tapestry":[381],"Buddhism.":[385],"Leaving":[386],"future":[389],"textual":[394],"tradition,":[398],"is":[400,501,595,616,652],"interested":[401],"use":[404],"rhetoric,":[406],"especially":[407],"it":[409],"applies":[410],"decline":[412,600,628,671],"theory":[413],"polemical":[416],"function":[417],"bids":[421],"secure":[423],"orthodoxy":[424],"legitimate":[426],"new":[427],"interpretations":[428],"teachings.":[431],"As":[432],"corollary":[434],"this,":[436],"redress":[439],"notion":[441,621],"[End":[442],"Page":[443],"186]":[444],"somehow":[450],"materialized":[451],"out":[452],"thin":[454],"air":[455],"vanquished":[458],"heterodoxies,":[461],"particular":[464,606,610],"care":[465],"situate":[467],"well":[469],"within":[470],"mainstream":[472],"ideas":[475],"practices":[477],"late":[480],"Northern":[481,574,591],"Southern":[483],"dynasties":[484],"/":[485],"early":[486],"Sui":[487],"North":[488],"Indeed,":[490],"structural":[494],"decisions":[495],"appreciated":[497],"reviewer":[500],"he":[503],"leaves":[504],"speculations":[508],"why":[510],"earmarked":[513],"sanction,":[515],"answer":[517],"prudently":[521],"admits":[522],"we":[523],"do":[524],"not":[525],"sure.":[528],"Like":[529],"world":[535],"sixth":[538],"century,":[539],"accepts":[541],"idea":[543,604],"buddha-nature":[547],"sentient":[549],"beings":[550],"expressed":[552],"Nirv\u00e2na":[555],"S\u00fbtra.":[556],"Again,":[557],"like":[558],"several":[559],"contemporaries":[562],"who":[563,581],"active":[565],"north":[568],"following":[572],"Wei":[575],"purges":[576],"(446)":[579],"bore":[582],"witness":[583],"suppression":[586],"during":[589],"Zhou":[592],"(574),":[593],"fascinated":[596],"fledgling":[599],"times":[607],"call":[608],"solutions.":[611],"problem":[613],"him":[615],"how":[617],"rectify":[619],"capacity":[624],"with":[627],"theory,":[629],"signaled":[633],"complete":[635],"breakdown":[636],"human":[639],"ability":[640],"distinguish":[642],"truth":[643],"from":[644,648],"falsity":[645],"buddhas":[647],"blasphemers.":[649],"For":[650],"convinced":[653],"that,":[654],"left":[655],"their":[657],"own":[658],"devices":[659],"blinded":[661],"biases":[663],"prejudices,":[665],"humans":[666],"age":[669],"would":[672],"inevitably...":[673]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}