{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2019520388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0887403412452424","title":"The Role of Officer Attributes, Job Characteristics, and Arrest Activity in Explaining Police Use of Force","display_name":"The Role of Officer Attributes, Job Characteristics, and Arrest Activity in Explaining Police Use of Force","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-08-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2019520388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0887403412452424","mag":"2019520388"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0887403412452424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0887403412452424","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0887403412452424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109761077","display_name":"Criminal Justice Policy Review","issn_l":"0887-4034","issn":["0887-4034","1552-3586"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Criminal Justice Policy Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032590885","display_name":"Steven G. Brandl","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43579087","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee","ror":"https://ror.org/031q21x57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Steven G. Brandl","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA","University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011698116","display_name":"Meghan S. Stroshine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2649-7205","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2649-7205"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102461120","display_name":"Marquette University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gr4te78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102461120"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meghan S. Stroshine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102461120"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032590885"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"],"apc_list":{"value":3400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.2289,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98211711,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"5","first_page":"551","last_page":"572"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13001","display_name":"Restraint-Related Deaths","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-use-of-force","display_name":"police use of force","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-characteristics","display_name":"job characteristics","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shift-assignment","display_name":"shift assignment","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/municipal-police","display_name":"municipal police","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-accountability","display_name":"police accountability","score":0.4819999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776729102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q971119","display_name":"Use of force","level":3,"score":0.8796058893203735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777189325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61022630","display_name":"Officer","level":2,"score":0.8420981168746948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992711187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35535","display_name":"Police department","level":2,"score":0.6864636540412903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779298689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q896527","display_name":"Deadly force","level":2,"score":0.6527742147445679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985871740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637368","display_name":"Task force","level":2,"score":0.551141083240509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.502572774887085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.461107075214386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.38660693168640137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2460424304008484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.1744748055934906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55447825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4394526","display_name":"International law","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0887403412452424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0887403412452424","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0887403412452424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109761077","display_name":"Criminal Justice Policy Review","issn_l":"0887-4034","issn":["0887-4034","1552-3586"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Criminal Justice Policy Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:epublications.marquette.edu:socs_fac-1063","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://epublications.marquette.edu/socs_fac/63","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401682","display_name":"e-Publications@Marquette (Marquette University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I102461120","host_organization_name":"Marquette University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102461120"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Social and Cultural Sciences Faculty Research and Publications","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23786311","https://openalex.org/W32978657","https://openalex.org/W40466792","https://openalex.org/W204823366","https://openalex.org/W590120055","https://openalex.org/W1560035701","https://openalex.org/W1606980371","https://openalex.org/W1965595881","https://openalex.org/W1968333705","https://openalex.org/W1988858783","https://openalex.org/W1988950324","https://openalex.org/W1990502361","https://openalex.org/W2003577083","https://openalex.org/W2004124003","https://openalex.org/W2013018900","https://openalex.org/W2021771148","https://openalex.org/W2022472653","https://openalex.org/W2026537072","https://openalex.org/W2027822692","https://openalex.org/W2030564075","https://openalex.org/W2031896242","https://openalex.org/W2037279877","https://openalex.org/W2040990929","https://openalex.org/W2041776948","https://openalex.org/W2046524129","https://openalex.org/W2059591881","https://openalex.org/W2066968599","https://openalex.org/W2067288832","https://openalex.org/W2067608260","https://openalex.org/W2068682271","https://openalex.org/W2069957815","https://openalex.org/W2071412892","https://openalex.org/W2081786995","https://openalex.org/W2082462461","https://openalex.org/W2083203827","https://openalex.org/W2093724116","https://openalex.org/W2099859829","https://openalex.org/W2103830464","https://openalex.org/W2112610913","https://openalex.org/W2114345245","https://openalex.org/W2139141023","https://openalex.org/W2140059793","https://openalex.org/W2153629057","https://openalex.org/W2155071797","https://openalex.org/W2162851306","https://openalex.org/W2166500479","https://openalex.org/W2170333046","https://openalex.org/W2189052893","https://openalex.org/W2307062015","https://openalex.org/W2321741636","https://openalex.org/W2323786981","https://openalex.org/W2328743291","https://openalex.org/W2576254445","https://openalex.org/W2912634155","https://openalex.org/W3146425672","https://openalex.org/W4243425801","https://openalex.org/W4255316502","https://openalex.org/W4383956307"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2307062015","https://openalex.org/W2077997429","https://openalex.org/W2153629057","https://openalex.org/W6959203583","https://openalex.org/W1972240803","https://openalex.org/W7047767279","https://openalex.org/W795886530","https://openalex.org/W2601562388","https://openalex.org/W4399365380","https://openalex.org/W4234158862"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"numerous":[1],"studies":[2],"have":[3],"examined":[4],"the":[5,22,31,51],"causes,":[6],"correlates,":[7],"and":[8,41,44,102,112,128],"control":[9],"of":[10,13,27,33,73,91,99],"police":[11,25,63,70],"use":[12,26,56,107,118],"force,":[14],"many":[15],"questions":[16],"remain.":[17],"This":[18],"study":[19],"contributes":[20],"to":[21],"literature":[23],"on":[24,61],"force":[28,74,100,108,119],"by":[29],"examining":[30],"role":[32],"officers\u2019":[34],"background":[35],"characteristics,":[36],"job":[37],"characteristics":[38],"(patrol":[39],"area":[40],"shift":[42],"assignment),":[43],"arrest":[45],"activity":[46],"in":[47,50,66,110],"explaining":[48],"variation":[49],"frequency":[52],"with":[53],"which":[54],"officers":[55,64,92,104,116],"force.":[57],"Analyses":[58],"were":[59,76],"conducted":[60],"1,084":[62],"employed":[65],"a":[67,88,96],"large":[68,97],"municipal":[69],"department.":[71],"Use":[72],"data":[75],"obtained":[77],"from":[78,83,115],"477":[79],"official":[80],"departmental":[81],"reports":[82],"2010.":[84],"Results":[85],"suggest":[86],"that":[87,103],"small":[89],"proportion":[90,98],"are":[93,133],"responsible":[94],"for":[95,130],"incidents,":[101],"who":[105,117],"frequently":[106],"differ":[109],"important":[111],"significant":[113],"ways":[114],"less":[120],"often":[121],"(or":[122],"not":[123],"at":[124],"all).":[125],"Policy":[126],"implications":[127],"directions":[129],"future":[131],"research":[132],"discussed.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
