{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2019484366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg:20070017","title":"Distributed generation as a balancing resource for wind generation","display_name":"Distributed generation as a balancing resource for wind generation","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-09-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2019484366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg:20070017","mag":"2019484366"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/iet-rpg:20070017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg:20070017","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg:20070017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42668443","display_name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","issn_l":"1752-1416","issn":["1752-1416","1752-1424"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-2","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037386463","display_name":"Jason M. Kennedy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7435-1991","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7435-1991"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Kennedy","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AH, UK","School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen's University, Belfast, Belfast, UK#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen's University, Belfast, Belfast, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008401902","display_name":"B. Fox","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Fox","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AH, UK","School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen's University, Belfast, Belfast, UK#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen's University, Belfast, Belfast, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047685350","display_name":"David John Morrow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0405-4703","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0405-4703"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D.J. Morrow","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AH, UK","School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen's University, Belfast, Belfast, UK#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen's University, Belfast, Belfast, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"apc_list":{"value":3500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2068,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87015604,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"3","first_page":"167","last_page":"174"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10424","display_name":"Electric Power System Optimization","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10424","display_name":"Electric Power System Optimization","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14444","display_name":"Power Systems and Renewable Energy","score":0.006899999920278788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11185","display_name":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","score":0.006300000008195639,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"distributed generation","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power-integration","display_name":"wind power integration","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-forecasting","display_name":"wind forecasting","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinning-reserve","display_name":"spinning reserve","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diesel-generation","display_name":"diesel generation","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unit-commitment","display_name":"unit commitment","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-dispatch","display_name":"economic dispatch","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power-penetration","display_name":"wind power penetration","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/islanded-power-systems","display_name":"islanded power systems","score":0.5860000252723694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.7554323077201843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187633118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1317949","display_name":"Economic dispatch","level":4,"score":0.5634943246841431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161067210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464943","display_name":"Wind speed","level":2,"score":0.5001640319824219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47626492381095886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116219307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7236625","display_name":"Power system simulation","level":4,"score":0.4474494457244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.4393761456012726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.43881550431251526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2039551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200297","display_name":"Thermal power station","level":2,"score":0.42331740260124207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4200180172920227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.41548722982406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.4124374985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3856760561466217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3849882483482361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.37934964895248413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3519527018070221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3407919406890869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2638240158557892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.23036116361618042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.208261638879776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.12011295557022095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1026710569858551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1049/iet-rpg:20070017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg:20070017","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg:20070017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42668443","display_name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","issn_l":"1752-1416","issn":["1752-1416","1752-1424"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-2","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:publications/af73a640-7077-4dd1-b3c5-9de1e60b8236","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/af73a640-7077-4dd1-b3c5-9de1e60b8236","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Kennedy, J, Fox, B & Morrow, J 2007, 'Distributed generation as a balancing resource for wind generation', IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 1(3), no. 3, pp. 167-174. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg:20070017","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"score":0.8154000043869019,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"},{"score":0.5378999710083008,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1266649199","https://openalex.org/W1579004934","https://openalex.org/W2005676811","https://openalex.org/W2020482621","https://openalex.org/W2085849994","https://openalex.org/W2124389050","https://openalex.org/W2180880119","https://openalex.org/W2303343883","https://openalex.org/W3149934406","https://openalex.org/W7019570896"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2135084478","https://openalex.org/W1979147924","https://openalex.org/W2031138703","https://openalex.org/W4234828546","https://openalex.org/W2163940180","https://openalex.org/W1971474705","https://openalex.org/W2126880248","https://openalex.org/W1989532482","https://openalex.org/W1966746558","https://openalex.org/W2090799039"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Full":[0],"exploitation":[1],"of":[2,8,17,25,30,53,78,85,97,145,172,185],"the":[3,18,28,42,75,86,95,140,151,173,180,186],"environmental":[4,141],"and":[5,33,51,83,107,142,165],"financial":[6,143],"benefits":[7,144],"wind-generated":[9],"energy":[10,20,37],"in":[11,23,41,48,150],"a":[12,66,108,119,135,160,194],"power":[13,130],"system":[14,87,131,163],"requires":[15],"prediction":[16],"wind":[19,36,60,68,191],"profile":[21,32],"well":[22],"advance":[24],"delivery.":[26],"On":[27],"basis":[29],"forecast":[31],"associated":[34,188],"confidence,":[35],"can":[38,182],"be":[39],"included":[40],"unit":[43],"commitment/economic":[44],"dispatch":[45],"procedure,":[46],"resulting":[47],"near-optimal":[49],"commitment":[50],"loading":[52],"thermal":[54],"plant,":[55],"thereby":[56],"saving":[57],"fuel.":[58],"A":[59],"forecasting":[61,69],"methodology,":[62],"which":[63],"closely":[64],"resembles":[65],"commercial":[67],"package,":[70],"is":[71,92,105,132,157,166,177],"adopted":[72],"to":[73,88,122,138,168],"illustrate":[74],"possible":[76],"instances":[77],"significant":[79],"over-forecasting,":[80],"although":[81],"rare,":[82],"exposure":[84],"substantial":[89],"risk.":[90],"It":[91,176],"shown":[93,178],"that":[94,179],"cost":[96],"additional":[98],"spinning":[99],"reserve":[100],"necessary":[101],"for":[102],"such":[103,112,125],"cases":[104],"prohibitive,":[106],"fast,":[109],"flexible":[110],"generation,":[111],"as":[113,118,134],"diesel":[114,148],"gen-sets":[115],"are":[116],"considered":[117],"superior":[120],"mechanism":[121],"balance":[123],"any":[124],"shortfalls.":[126],"The":[127,155],"Northern":[128],"Ireland":[129],"used":[133],"case":[136],"study":[137,156],"demonstrate":[139],"using":[146],"distributed":[147],"generation":[149],"manner":[152],"described":[153],"above.":[154],"based":[158],"on":[159,193],"six-month":[161],"period":[162],"data,":[164],"applied":[167],"various":[169],"future":[170],"scenarios":[171],"installed":[174],"wind.":[175],"methodology":[181],"mitigate":[183],"many":[184],"problems":[187],"with":[189],"large-scale":[190],"penetration":[192],"synchronously":[195],"islanded":[196],"system.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
