{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2019444773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/josab.24.002238","title":"Terahertz scattering from granular material","display_name":"Terahertz scattering from granular material","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-08-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2019444773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/josab.24.002238","mag":"2019444773"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1364/josab.24.002238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/josab.24.002238","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/josab.24.002238","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64486668","display_name":"Journal of the Optical Society of America B","issn_l":"0740-3224","issn":["0740-3224","1520-8540"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315679","host_organization_name":"Optica Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Optica Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Optical Society of America B","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089601387","display_name":"Lisa M. Zurk","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126345244","display_name":"Portland State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yn2fy02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lisa M. Zurk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Portland State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Portland State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088618612","display_name":"Brian Orlowski","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126345244","display_name":"Portland State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yn2fy02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Orlowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Portland State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Portland State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091912782","display_name":"Dale P. Winebrenner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2341-1083","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2341-1083"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dale P. Winebrenner","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111627239","display_name":"Eric I. Thorsos","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric I. Thorsos","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086182432","display_name":"Megan R. Leahy-Hoppa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79272384","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County","ror":"https://ror.org/02qskvh78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Megan R. Leahy-Hoppa","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u00a0 University of Maryland, Baltimore County"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00a0 University of Maryland, Baltimore County","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002817091","display_name":"L. Michael Hayden","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79272384","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County","ror":"https://ror.org/02qskvh78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Michael Hayden","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u00a0 University of Maryland, Baltimore County"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00a0 University of Maryland, Baltimore County","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.055,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90510997,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"9","first_page":"2238","last_page":"2238"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10752","display_name":"Terahertz technology and applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10752","display_name":"Terahertz technology and applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11996","display_name":"Random lasers and scattering media","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11111","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-scattering","display_name":"terahertz scattering","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granular-materials","display_name":"granular materials","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/explosives-detection","display_name":"explosives detection","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-imaging","display_name":"terahertz imaging","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-scattering","display_name":"electromagnetic scattering","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-signatures","display_name":"spectral signatures","score":0.6359999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107816215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647887","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","level":2,"score":0.9508906602859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154238967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12870","display_name":"Explosive material","level":2,"score":0.921488881111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.7203582525253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5619938373565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5216051340103149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5107767581939697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32568104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155083","display_name":"Granular material","level":2,"score":0.486476868391037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120456961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Light scattering","level":3,"score":0.47084614634513855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779461545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421441","display_name":"Explosive detection","level":3,"score":0.4229559004306793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149773537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12969754","display_name":"Electromagnetic radiation","level":2,"score":0.42023056745529175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3810589909553528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.30344831943511963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.15849944949150085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.11480981111526489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.09728798270225525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09011432528495789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1364/josab.24.002238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/josab.24.002238","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/josab.24.002238","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64486668","display_name":"Journal of the Optical Society of America B","issn_l":"0740-3224","issn":["0740-3224","1520-8540"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315679","host_organization_name":"Optica Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Optica Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Optical Society of America B","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu:ece_fac-1114","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/ece_fac/115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196300","display_name":"PDXScholar  (Portland State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126345244","host_organization_name":"Portland State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501322963","https://openalex.org/W1972432506","https://openalex.org/W1978524841","https://openalex.org/W1982714420","https://openalex.org/W1989805977","https://openalex.org/W1995353860","https://openalex.org/W2010238589","https://openalex.org/W2035972085","https://openalex.org/W2042013197","https://openalex.org/W2059292641","https://openalex.org/W2068116350","https://openalex.org/W2094980479","https://openalex.org/W2095334066","https://openalex.org/W2104651375","https://openalex.org/W2138382350","https://openalex.org/W2142666389","https://openalex.org/W2145391023","https://openalex.org/W2145587049","https://openalex.org/W2478698305"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100886472","https://openalex.org/W2082787349","https://openalex.org/W2144181289","https://openalex.org/W2145090357","https://openalex.org/W1614538784","https://openalex.org/W2030132572","https://openalex.org/W3104201931","https://openalex.org/W1588979400","https://openalex.org/W7168166176","https://openalex.org/W1979445893"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Terahertz":[0],"(THz)":[1],"imaging":[2],"is":[3],"emerging":[4],"as":[5],"a":[6],"potentially":[7],"powerful":[8],"method":[9],"of":[10,18,26,49,53],"detecting":[11],"explosive":[12,28],"devices,":[13],"even":[14],"in":[15],"the":[16,22,65],"presence":[17],"occluding":[19],"materials.":[20],"However,":[21],"characteristic":[23],"spectral":[24],"signatures":[25],"pure":[27],"materials":[29],"may":[30],"be":[31],"altered":[32],"or":[33],"obscured":[34],"by":[35,39],"electromagnetic":[36],"scattering":[37,67],"caused":[38],"their":[40],"granular":[41,50],"nature.":[42],"This":[43],"paper":[44],"presents":[45,56],"THz":[46],"transmission":[47],"measurements":[48],"systems":[51],"representative":[52],"explosives":[54],"and":[55],"results":[57],"from":[58],"dense":[59],"media":[60],"theory":[61],"that":[62],"accurately":[63],"explain":[64],"observed":[66],"response.":[68]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}