{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2019430712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00397679.2011.631356","title":"The Principle of Alternation and the Tyrant's Happiness in Bacchylidean Epinician","display_name":"The Principle of Alternation and the Tyrant's Happiness in Bacchylidean Epinician","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2019430712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00397679.2011.631356","mag":"2019430712"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00397679.2011.631356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00397679.2011.631356","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00397679.2011.631356","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15912774","display_name":"Symbolae Osloenses","issn_l":"0039-7679","issn":["0039-7679","1502-7805"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symbolae Osloenses","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/files/11118607/The_Principle_of_Alternation_and_the_Tyrants_Happiness_in_Bacchylidean_Epinician.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"D. L. Cairns","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D. L. Cairns","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh","School of History, Classics and Archaeology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of History, Classics and Archaeology","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7537,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93102765,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"85","issue":"1","first_page":"17","last_page":"32"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10165","display_name":"Classical Antiquity Studies","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1205","display_name":"Classics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10165","display_name":"Classical Antiquity Studies","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1205","display_name":"Classics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11463","display_name":"Classical Philosophy and Thought","score":0.014600000344216824,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14170","display_name":"Classical Studies and Philology","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacchylides","display_name":"Bacchylides","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epinician-odes","display_name":"epinician odes","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vicissitudes","display_name":"vicissitudes","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hieron-of-syracuse","display_name":"Hieron of Syracuse","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heracles","display_name":"Heracles","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/croesus","display_name":"Croesus","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/admetus","display_name":"Admetus","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaic-greek-poetry","display_name":"archaic Greek poetry","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaic-worldview","display_name":"archaic worldview","score":0.42500001192092896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778999518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8","display_name":"Happiness","level":2,"score":0.7467607855796814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780027720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832608","display_name":"Tragedy (event)","level":2,"score":0.6709527969360352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9992130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484954","display_name":"Pessimism","level":2,"score":0.5269794464111328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26826806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q438358","display_name":"Alternation (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5027828216552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.49473926424980164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780493273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11038979","display_name":"Cult","level":2,"score":0.4933549463748932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34862557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178985","display_name":"Ode","level":2,"score":0.45190635323524475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.43605607748031616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115519274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267903","display_name":"EPIC","level":2,"score":0.43591374158859253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.4049069881439209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.37720993161201477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.311784029006958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.2243686318397522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.18593409657478333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.18570393323898315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.1500985026359558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.11589500308036804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00397679.2011.631356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00397679.2011.631356","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00397679.2011.631356","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15912774","display_name":"Symbolae Osloenses","issn_l":"0039-7679","issn":["0039-7679","1502-7805"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symbolae Osloenses","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/df338b9b-3e23-4d83-8681-6dbbbd4307ca","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/files/11118607/The_Principle_of_Alternation_and_the_Tyrants_Happiness_in_Bacchylidean_Epinician.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/files/11118607/The_Principle_of_Alternation_and_the_Tyrants_Happiness_in_Bacchylidean_Epinician.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cairns, D 2011, 'The Principle of Alternation and the Tyrant's Happiness in Bacchylidean Epinician', Symbolae Osloenses, vol. 85, pp. 17-32. https://doi.org/dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397679.2011.631356","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/df338b9b-3e23-4d83-8681-6dbbbd4307ca","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/files/11118607/The_Principle_of_Alternation_and_the_Tyrants_Happiness_in_Bacchylidean_Epinician.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/files/11118607/The_Principle_of_Alternation_and_the_Tyrants_Happiness_in_Bacchylidean_Epinician.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cairns, D 2011, 'The Principle of Alternation and the Tyrant's Happiness in Bacchylidean Epinician', Symbolae Osloenses, vol. 85, pp. 17-32. https://doi.org/dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397679.2011.631356","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2019430712.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2019430712.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W392992678","https://openalex.org/W606377664","https://openalex.org/W615849600","https://openalex.org/W618638818","https://openalex.org/W652949247","https://openalex.org/W1496014224","https://openalex.org/W1496227473","https://openalex.org/W1583204016","https://openalex.org/W1589753767","https://openalex.org/W1973898292","https://openalex.org/W1999359823","https://openalex.org/W2034468257","https://openalex.org/W2036747502","https://openalex.org/W2041245751","https://openalex.org/W2042128824","https://openalex.org/W2155121318","https://openalex.org/W2476047627","https://openalex.org/W2503975645","https://openalex.org/W2598786951","https://openalex.org/W2797115193","https://openalex.org/W4241355120","https://openalex.org/W4247899259","https://openalex.org/W4249712305","https://openalex.org/W4255110495","https://openalex.org/W4388388941","https://openalex.org/W4388392721"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493469087","https://openalex.org/W7006789126","https://openalex.org/W4409137208","https://openalex.org/W424059922","https://openalex.org/W392366443","https://openalex.org/W8126116","https://openalex.org/W2482223297","https://openalex.org/W2997912021","https://openalex.org/W4213355739","https://openalex.org/W2331996392"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"principle":[1,31],"of":[2,17,42,63,76,81,107,115,132,148,157,165,168],"alternation,":[3],"according":[4],"to":[5,13,171,174,178],"which":[6],"human":[7],"happiness":[8,44],"is":[9,15],"unstable":[10],"and":[11,26,72,94,137,143,154],"subject":[12],"change,":[14],"characteristic":[16],"the":[18,30,40,67,79,92,95,119,130,146,166],"archaic":[19],"world-view,":[20],"as":[21],"represented":[22],"especially":[23],"in":[24,60,84,89,104,129,151,182],"epic":[25],"tragedy.":[27],"In":[28,66],"epinician,":[29],"retains":[32],"its":[33],"pessimistic":[34],"orientation,":[35],"but":[36,53],"emphasizes":[37],"by":[38,162],"contrast":[39],"value":[41],"whatever":[43],"humans":[45],"can":[46],"achieve.":[47],"Bacchylides'":[48],"epinicia":[49],"share":[50],"this":[51],"background,":[52],"his":[54,183],"odes":[55,70,101,120],"for":[56,74,121,141],"non-tyrants":[57],"are":[58,98,102],"sparing":[59],"their":[61,105],"use":[62,106],"vicissitude":[64,108,117,150],"foil.":[65],"two":[68],"major":[69],"(3":[71],"5)":[73],"Hieron":[75,126],"Syracuse,":[77],"however,":[78],"motif":[80],"alternation":[82],"appears":[83],"a":[85,152,159,176],"somewhat":[86],"different":[87],"guise,":[88],"that":[90],"both":[91],"negative":[93],"positive":[96,155],"aspects":[97],"deepened.":[99],"These":[100],"darker":[103],"foil,":[109],"yet":[110],"hold":[111],"out":[112],"stronger":[113],"hopes":[114],"overcoming":[116,149],"than":[118],"non-tyrant":[122],"victors.":[123],"They":[124],"present":[125],"with":[127],"analogues,":[128],"form":[131],"Heracles":[133],"(in":[134,139],"5),":[135],"Croesus,":[136],"Admetus":[138],"3),":[140],"exceptional":[142],"greater":[144],"possibilities,":[145],"possibility":[147,160],"final":[153],"change":[156],"fortune,":[158],"sustained":[161],"sufficient":[163],"reminiscences":[164],"language":[167],"mystery":[169],"cult":[170],"allow":[172],"us":[173],"make":[175],"link":[177],"Hieron's":[179],"attested":[180],"interest":[181],"own":[184],"post-mortem":[185],"existence.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}