{"id":"https://openalex.org/W201941187","doi":null,"title":"Incidence and causes of hyperthyroidism in blacks.","display_name":"Incidence and causes of hyperthyroidism in blacks.","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-02-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W201941187","mag":"201941187","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2645661"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:2645661","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2645661","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109169419","display_name":"William John Kalk","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W J Kalk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069726535","display_name":"John Kalk","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Kalk","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02044556,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"3","first_page":"114","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10293","display_name":"Thyroid Disorders and Treatments","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10293","display_name":"Thyroid Disorders and Treatments","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11728","display_name":"Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11538","display_name":"Ophthalmology and Eye Disorders","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperthyroidism","display_name":"hyperthyroidism","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graves-disease","display_name":"Graves' disease","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toxic-nodular-goiter","display_name":"toxic nodular goiter","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incidence","display_name":"incidence","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-population","display_name":"Black population","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-migration","display_name":"urban migration","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-to-urban-migration","display_name":"rural-urban migration","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endemic-goiter","display_name":"endemic goiter","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-distribution","display_name":"age distribution","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-ratio","display_name":"sex ratio","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"urbanization","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-africa","display_name":"South Africa","score":0.5429999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9446848630905151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.7887340188026428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5808209180831909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776652619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16483","display_name":"Graves' disease","level":3,"score":0.5673840045928955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776600448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455531","display_name":"Endemic goitre","level":3,"score":0.5297285914421082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5137053728103638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776254400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165135","display_name":"Goiter","level":3,"score":0.5005059242248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.49481767416000366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.46192023158073425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781222467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338460","display_name":"Negroid","level":3,"score":0.45481786131858826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.4254513680934906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.41884711384773254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.33243125677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526584372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16399","display_name":"Thyroid","level":2,"score":0.24603787064552307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.1098041832447052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004032","descriptor_name":"Diet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006111","descriptor_name":"Graves Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006980","descriptor_name":"Hyperthyroidism","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006980","descriptor_name":"Hyperthyroidism","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013019","descriptor_name":"South Africa","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014505","descriptor_name":"Urban Population","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044383","descriptor_name":"Black People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:2645661","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2645661","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:201941187","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2645661","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978853357","https://openalex.org/W2015955271","https://openalex.org/W2043936161","https://openalex.org/W2081074524","https://openalex.org/W2110655314","https://openalex.org/W2127197344","https://openalex.org/W2154404482","https://openalex.org/W2172744185","https://openalex.org/W2287905388","https://openalex.org/W2395345004","https://openalex.org/W2415240990","https://openalex.org/W2419322152","https://openalex.org/W2467093260"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W10682922","https://openalex.org/W160769967","https://openalex.org/W753703646","https://openalex.org/W2415240990","https://openalex.org/W143411880","https://openalex.org/W2419322152","https://openalex.org/W2081699400","https://openalex.org/W1964898951","https://openalex.org/W4254471010","https://openalex.org/W1985984390"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Between":[0],"1974":[1],"and":[2,36,68,103],"1984":[3],"688":[4],"black":[5,141],"patients":[6,91],"with":[7,21,59],"hyperthyroidism":[8,82,135],"were":[9,104,111],"seen":[10],"at":[11,61],"one":[12,115],"clinic.":[13],"Graves'":[14,66,149,179],"disease":[15,76,180],"made":[16],"up":[17],"88%":[18],"of":[19,26,89,116,125,148,153,164],"cases,":[20],"a":[22,44],"female:":[23],"male":[24],"ratio":[25],"7,9:1.":[27],"The":[28,146,162],"average":[29],"annual":[30],"incidence":[31,48,147],"for":[32,37],"females":[33],"was":[34,57],"8,75/100,000":[35],"males":[38],"0,70/100,000.":[39],"There":[40],"appeared":[41],"to":[42,158,174],"be":[43,159],"progressive":[45],"increase":[46,177],"in":[47,69,85,99,139,143,169,178,181],"(60%)":[49],"over":[50],"the":[51,90,140],"period.":[52],"A":[53],"bimodal":[54],"age":[55],"distribution":[56],"observed":[58],"peaks":[60],"35-54":[62],"years":[63,74],"(almost":[64],"exclusively":[65],"disease)":[67],"those":[70],"older":[71],"than":[72],"64":[73],"(Graves'":[75],"66%,":[77],"nodular":[78,155],"goitres":[79],"34%).":[80],"Although":[81],"seems":[83],"rare":[84],"rural":[86,123],"Africa,":[87],"59%":[88],"surveyed":[92],"(N":[93],"=":[94],"88)":[95],"had":[96,120],"been":[97],"born":[98],"such":[100],"an":[101],"area":[102],"urban":[105,182],"migrants.":[106],"Moreover,":[107],"some":[108],"ethnic":[109],"groups":[110],"disproportionately":[112],"represented.":[113],"In":[114],"these":[117],"(Tswana-speaking),":[118],"81%":[119],"migrated":[121],"from":[122],"areas":[124],"endemic":[126],"goitre,":[127,156],"usually":[128],"as":[129],"adults.":[130],"It":[131],"is":[132],"concluded":[133],"that":[134],"remains":[136],"relatively":[137],"uncommon":[138],"population":[142],"this":[144,175],"region.":[145],"disease,":[150],"but":[151],"not":[152],"toxic":[154],"appears":[157],"increasing":[160],"rapidly.":[161],"process":[163],"urbanisation,":[165],"including":[166],"possible":[167],"increases":[168],"dietary":[170],"iodide,":[171],"may":[172],"contribute":[173],"apparent":[176],"areas.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
