{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2019340355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.1993.tb15983.x","title":"Lumbar Epidural Blockade for Management of Pain in Interstitial Cystitis","display_name":"Lumbar Epidural Blockade for Management of Pain in Interstitial Cystitis","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2019340355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.1993.tb15983.x","mag":"2019340355","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8499984"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.1993.tb15983.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.1993.tb15983.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.1993.tb15983.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210229390","display_name":"British Journal of Urology","issn_l":"0007-1331","issn":["0007-1331","1365-2176"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Urology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113479668","display_name":"Paul Irwin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P. P. IRWIN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta","Department of Anaesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA","Department of Surgery, Section of Urology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Section of Urology","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003944603","display_name":"William D. Hammonds","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7055-651X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7055-651X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. D. HAMMONDS","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Section of Urology; Department of Anaesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA","Department of Anaesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA","Department of Surgery, Section of Urology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Section of Urology; Department of Anaesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Section of Urology","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113558572","display_name":"Niall T.M. Galloway","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. T. M. GALLOWAY","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Section of Urology; Department of Anaesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA","Department of Anaesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA","Department of Surgery, Section of Urology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Section of Urology; Department of Anaesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Section of Urology","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113479668"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7471,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74935065,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"4","first_page":"413","last_page":"416"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10279","display_name":"Urinary Bladder and Prostate Research","score":0.8988999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2748","display_name":"Urology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10279","display_name":"Urinary Bladder and Prostate Research","score":0.8988999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2748","display_name":"Urology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11840","display_name":"Pain Management and Treatment","score":0.025299999862909317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10189","display_name":"Anesthesia and Pain Management","score":0.024900000542402267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interstitial-cystitis","display_name":"interstitial cystitis","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lumbar-sympathetic-block","display_name":"lumbar sympathetic block","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-anesthetic-injection","display_name":"local anesthetic injection","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pelvic-pain","display_name":"pelvic pain","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urethral-pain","display_name":"urethral pain","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pain-relief","display_name":"analgesia","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-quality","display_name":"sleep quality","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-life","display_name":"quality of life","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urinary-frequency","display_name":"urinary frequency","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voided-volume","display_name":"voided volume","score":0.7310000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8751071095466614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778508898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671412","display_name":"Interstitial cystitis","level":3,"score":0.7303557991981506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.6685823798179626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44575665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1293405","display_name":"Lumbar","level":2,"score":0.6641498804092407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993247534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621261","display_name":"Pain relief","level":2,"score":0.5590271949768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14184104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1362526","display_name":"Visual analogue scale","level":2,"score":0.5041004419326782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778468042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273976","display_name":"Blockade","level":3,"score":0.5039758086204529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.35505980253219604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77411442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181100","display_name":"Urinary system","level":2,"score":0.3480928838253021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.10755997896194458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000767","descriptor_name":"Anesthesia, Epidural","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003556","descriptor_name":"Cystitis","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003556","descriptor_name":"Cystitis","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007267","descriptor_name":"Injections","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009407","descriptor_name":"Nerve Block","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010146","descriptor_name":"Pain","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010146","descriptor_name":"Pain","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010147","descriptor_name":"Pain Measurement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014554","descriptor_name":"Urination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059408","descriptor_name":"Pain Management","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.1993.tb15983.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.1993.tb15983.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.1993.tb15983.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210229390","display_name":"British Journal of Urology","issn_l":"0007-1331","issn":["0007-1331","1365-2176"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Urology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8499984","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8499984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British journal of urology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44580089","https://openalex.org/W1230741658","https://openalex.org/W2089504558","https://openalex.org/W2732585842","https://openalex.org/W4239855437"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055495880","https://openalex.org/W1967572181","https://openalex.org/W2085223157","https://openalex.org/W7095753707","https://openalex.org/W4415734230","https://openalex.org/W7204882054","https://openalex.org/W4366200498","https://openalex.org/W2055335797","https://openalex.org/W2025448962","https://openalex.org/W2414870119"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Thirteen":[0],"patients":[1,119],"with":[2,16,35],"interstitial":[3,154],"cystitis":[4],"(IC),":[5],"whose":[6],"predominant":[7],"symptom":[8],"was":[9,30,58,81,96],"pelvic":[10],"or":[11],"urethral":[12],"pain,":[13],"were":[14,114,135],"treated":[15],"a":[17],"series":[18],"of":[19,65,91,149],"lumbar":[20],"epidural":[21,143],"local":[22],"anaesthetic":[23],"blocks":[24],"over":[25],"an":[26,146],"18-month":[27],"period.":[28],"Response":[29],"evaluated":[31],"by":[32,83,116],"interview":[33],"and":[34,38,89,102,110],"voiding":[36],"diaries":[37],"visual":[39],"analogue":[40],"scales":[41],"(VAS)":[42],"for":[43],"pain.":[44],"Of":[45],"the":[46,103,131,139],"55":[47],"injections":[48],"given,":[49],"immediate":[50],"pain":[51,67,101,106,151],"relief":[52,68,80,152],"(lasting":[53],"longer":[54],"than":[55],"24":[56],"h)":[57],"obtained":[59],"from":[60,72,126,138],"41":[61],"(75%).":[62],"The":[63],"duration":[64],"subsequent":[66],"varied":[69],"considerably,":[70],"ranging":[71],"2":[73],"to":[74,121],"75":[75],"days":[76],"(mean":[77],"15.1).":[78],"Pain":[79],"accompanied":[82],"significant":[84],"improvement":[85],"in":[86,153],"sleep":[87],"habit":[88],"quality":[90],"life.":[92],"A":[93],"good":[94],"correlation":[95],"noted":[97],"between":[98],"verbally":[99],"expressed":[100],"recorded":[104],"VAS":[105],"scores.":[107],"Urinary":[108],"frequency":[109],"average":[111],"voided":[112],"volumes":[113],"unaffected":[115],"treatment.":[117],"Two":[118],"failed":[120],"obtain":[122],"any":[123],"relief.":[124],"Apart":[125],"minor":[127],"transient":[128],"backache":[129],"at":[130],"injection":[132],"site,":[133],"there":[134],"no":[136],"complications":[137],"procedure.":[140],"Lumbar":[141],"sympathetic":[142],"blockade":[144],"is":[145],"excellent":[147],"means":[148],"providing":[150],"cystitis.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
