{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2019284916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/800813","title":"Panic at \"The Who Concert Stampede\": An Empirical Assessment","display_name":"Panic at \"The Who Concert Stampede\": An Empirical Assessment","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2019284916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/800813","mag":"2019284916"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/800813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/800813","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/800813","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129389861","display_name":"Social Problems","issn_l":"0037-7791","issn":["0037-7791","1533-8533"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Problems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112205126","display_name":"Norris R. Johnson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Norris R. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cincinnati"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cincinnati","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112205126"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"],"apc_list":{"value":4073,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4073},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9747,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":194,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94909091,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"4","first_page":"362","last_page":"373"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.9653000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.9653000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13728","display_name":"Crime, Deviance, and Social Control","score":0.011699999682605267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/panic","display_name":"panic","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowd-crush","display_name":"crowd crush","score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-behavior","display_name":"collective behavior","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowd-behavior","display_name":"crowd behavior","score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowd-safety","display_name":"crowd safety","score":0.3610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowd-control","display_name":"crowd control","score":0.3160000145435333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780712732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208450","display_name":"Panic","level":3,"score":0.7541077136993408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778173179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25339289","display_name":"Attendance","level":2,"score":0.6621215343475342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5922392010688782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151884938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914277","display_name":"Moral panic","level":2,"score":0.5545493960380554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.5523317456245422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779103253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q878070","display_name":"Duty","level":2,"score":0.519681990146637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.36479389667510986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.35953477025032043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.290824294090271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.17004317045211792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.1049150824546814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.08066016435623169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/800813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/800813","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/800813","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129389861","display_name":"Social Problems","issn_l":"0037-7791","issn":["0037-7791","1533-8533"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Problems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1525/sp.1987.34.4.03a00040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.1987.34.4.03a00040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.1987.34.4.03a00040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129389861","display_name":"Social Problems","issn_l":"0037-7791","issn":["0037-7791","1533-8533"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Problems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W595886575","https://openalex.org/W1975716168","https://openalex.org/W1991919829","https://openalex.org/W2035888077","https://openalex.org/W2078591802","https://openalex.org/W2080677247","https://openalex.org/W2155536191","https://openalex.org/W2314253015","https://openalex.org/W2324207824","https://openalex.org/W2473962311","https://openalex.org/W2765238769","https://openalex.org/W3216729237","https://openalex.org/W4229795446","https://openalex.org/W4239555416","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W113133648","https://openalex.org/W4382631297","https://openalex.org/W2482791206","https://openalex.org/W2039615528","https://openalex.org/W2611062315","https://openalex.org/W2031478808","https://openalex.org/W2103486181","https://openalex.org/W3049345141","https://openalex.org/W2107917351","https://openalex.org/W2083834586"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"I":[0,97],"report":[1],"evidence":[2],"showing":[3],"that":[4,55,82,99],"panic":[5],"did":[6,57,83],"not":[7,58,113],"cause":[8],"the":[9,22,51,67,89,95,107],"death":[10],"and":[11,44,79],"injury":[12],"of":[13,36,38,102,120],"numerous":[14],"young":[15],"people":[16,56],"prior":[17],"to":[18,65,76,87,93],"a":[19],"concert":[20],"by":[21],"rock":[23],"group,":[24],"The":[25],"Who,":[26],"at":[27],"Cincinnati's":[28],"Riverfront":[29],"Coliseum":[30,68],"in":[31,42,62,116],"late":[32],"1979.":[33],"An":[34],"analysis":[35],"transcripts":[37],"interviews":[39],"with":[40],"patrons":[41],"attendance":[43],"police":[45],"who":[46],"were":[47],"on":[48,109],"duty":[49],"when":[50],"deaths":[52],"occurred":[53],"reveals":[54],"\u201cstampede\u201d":[59],"over":[60],"others":[61],"their":[63],"rush":[64],"enter":[66,94],"as":[69],"media":[70],"accounts":[71],"contend.":[72],"Instead,":[73],"participants":[74],"tried":[75],"help":[77],"others,":[78],"most":[80],"competition":[81],"occur":[84],"reflected":[85],"efforts":[86],"escape":[88],"crush":[90],"rather":[91],"than":[92],"concert.":[96],"conclude":[98],"theoretical":[100],"models":[101],"panics":[103],"or":[104],"\u201ccrazes\u201d":[105],"within":[106],"literature":[108],"collective":[110],"behavior":[111],"are":[112],"very":[114],"useful":[115],"explaining":[117],"this":[118],"type":[119],"incident.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}