{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2019238688","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1375/183242705774860231","title":"Problems With Using Sum Scores for Estimating Variance Components: Contamination and Measurement Noninvariance","display_name":"Problems With Using Sum Scores for Estimating Variance Components: Contamination and Measurement Noninvariance","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-11-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2019238688","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1375/183242705774860231","mag":"2019238688","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16354497"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1375/183242705774860231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1375/183242705774860231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1375/183242705774860231","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/AEF956353522D13CECDDA5B74C66591C/S1832427400005788a.pdf/div-class-title-problems-with-using-sum-scores-for-estimating-variance-components-contamination-and-measurement-noninvariance-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197285354","display_name":"Twin Research and Human Genetics","issn_l":"1832-4274","issn":["1832-4274","1839-2628"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Twin Research and Human Genetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/AEF956353522D13CECDDA5B74C66591C/S1832427400005788a.pdf/div-class-title-problems-with-using-sum-scores-for-estimating-variance-components-contamination-and-measurement-noninvariance-div.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027640245","display_name":"Michael Churton Neale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4887-659X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4887-659X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8587-0974"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael C. Neale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA 23219-1534, USA. mcneale@vcu.edu","Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA 23219-1534, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA 23219-1534, USA. mcneale@vcu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA 23219-1534, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001278060","display_name":"Gitta H. Lubke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2472-9771","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2472-9771"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gitta Lubke","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042386498","display_name":"Steven H. Aggen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2748-1890","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2748-1890"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72019824","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/057xmsr27","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72019824"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven H. Aggen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846","https://openalex.org/I72019824"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033802658","display_name":"Conor V. Dolan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2496-8492","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2496-8492"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","display_name":"University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Conor V. Dolan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027640245"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"],"apc_list":{"value":1665,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1665},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1629,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90647948,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"6","first_page":"553","last_page":"568"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.8270999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.8270999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.07039999961853027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13283","display_name":"Mental Health Research Topics","score":0.01679999940097332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sum-scores","display_name":"sum scores","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-invariance","display_name":"measurement invariance","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zygosity","display_name":"zygosity","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monozygotic-twins","display_name":"monozygotic twins","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dizygotic-twins","display_name":"dizygotic twins","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/twin-studies","display_name":"twin studies","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-traits","display_name":"complex traits","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-variance-components","display_name":"genetic variance components","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor-loadings","display_name":"factor loadings","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-contamination","display_name":"measurement contamination","score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-items","display_name":"binary items","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-genetic-analysis","display_name":"multivariate genetic analysis","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatric-diagnosis","display_name":"psychiatric diagnosis","score":0.3100000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197845989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13048280","display_name":"Zygosity","level":2,"score":0.8885581493377686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.5656614899635315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169594400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244775","display_name":"Twin study","level":3,"score":0.5581781268119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106934330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971873","display_name":"Trait","level":2,"score":0.5536495447158813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199163554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1681619","display_name":"Univariate","level":3,"score":0.544400691986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5438154935836792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.5431555509567261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1589151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804207","display_name":"Measurement invariance","level":4,"score":0.5330169796943665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.5164408683776855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.4955860376358032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165957694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421350","display_name":"Exploratory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.4419771134853363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65965080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806885","display_name":"Latent variable model","level":3,"score":0.43293577432632446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.42561620473861694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40722632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160137","display_name":"Confirmatory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.40366029739379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51167844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4422623","display_name":"Latent variable","level":2,"score":0.39483585953712463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.39397528767585754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.27133825421333313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26416924595832825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.22754812240600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161890455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503548","display_name":"Heritability","level":2,"score":0.1999116837978363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12189891934394836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.10371482372283936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.09320068359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014429","descriptor_name":"Twins, Dizygotic","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014430","descriptor_name":"Twins, Monozygotic","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015999","descriptor_name":"Multivariate Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019655","descriptor_name":"Quantitative Trait, Heritable","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1375/183242705774860231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1375/183242705774860231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1375/183242705774860231","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/AEF956353522D13CECDDA5B74C66591C/S1832427400005788a.pdf/div-class-title-problems-with-using-sum-scores-for-estimating-variance-components-contamination-and-measurement-noninvariance-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197285354","display_name":"Twin Research and Human Genetics","issn_l":"1832-4274","issn":["1832-4274","1839-2628"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Twin Research and Human Genetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1375/twin.8.6.553","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1375/twin.8.6.553","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1375/twin.8.6.553","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197285354","display_name":"Twin Research and Human Genetics","issn_l":"1832-4274","issn":["1832-4274","1839-2628"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Twin Research and Human Genetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:16354497","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16354497","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dare.uva.nl:openaire_cris_publications/be711376-0c91-4c8f-a1df-123fee00a601","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://handle.uba.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/problems-with-using-sum-scores-for-estimating-variance-components-contamination-and-measurement-noninvariance(be711376-0c91-4c8f-a1df-123fee00a601).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400088","display_name":"UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","host_organization_name":"University of Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neale, M C, Lubke, G H, Aggen, S H & Dolan, C V 2005, 'Problems with using sum scores for estimating variance components: Contamination and measurement noninvariance', Twin Research and Human Genetics, vol. 8, pp. 553-568. https://doi.org/10.1375/183242705774860231","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:uvapub:oai:dare.uva.nl:publications/be711376-0c91-4c8f-a1df-123fee00a601","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dare.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/problems-with-using-sum-scores-for-estimating-variance-components-contamination-and-measurement-noninvariance(be711376-0c91-4c8f-a1df-123fee00a601).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Twin Research and Human Genetics, 8, 553 - 568. Cambridge University Press","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1375/183242705774860231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1375/183242705774860231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1375/183242705774860231","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/AEF956353522D13CECDDA5B74C66591C/S1832427400005788a.pdf/div-class-title-problems-with-using-sum-scores-for-estimating-variance-components-contamination-and-measurement-noninvariance-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197285354","display_name":"Twin Research and Human Genetics","issn_l":"1832-4274","issn":["1832-4274","1839-2628"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Twin Research and Human Genetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1776673475","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DA-018673","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4110160356","display_name":"Psychopathology: Models, measurement and classification","funder_award_id":"R01MH065322","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4730645720","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MH 65322","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000063344","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DA\u2010018673","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","ror":"https://ror.org/00fq5cm18"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2019238688.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2019238688.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1561568624","https://openalex.org/W1963742443","https://openalex.org/W1965969906","https://openalex.org/W1974475215","https://openalex.org/W1977606407","https://openalex.org/W1990625220","https://openalex.org/W2009294002","https://openalex.org/W2010182987","https://openalex.org/W2017966270","https://openalex.org/W2032579538","https://openalex.org/W2052275277","https://openalex.org/W2070219153","https://openalex.org/W2071076965","https://openalex.org/W2077207842","https://openalex.org/W2084398551","https://openalex.org/W2085475216","https://openalex.org/W2088569189","https://openalex.org/W2089154156","https://openalex.org/W2095294963","https://openalex.org/W2102214680","https://openalex.org/W2127406580","https://openalex.org/W2132401178","https://openalex.org/W2135505610","https://openalex.org/W2139742568","https://openalex.org/W2140493060","https://openalex.org/W2143654285","https://openalex.org/W2146541751","https://openalex.org/W2147784213","https://openalex.org/W2159011576","https://openalex.org/W2159834270","https://openalex.org/W2171273909","https://openalex.org/W2296042795","https://openalex.org/W2795598039","https://openalex.org/W3018703468","https://openalex.org/W3196369884","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6637365678","https://openalex.org/W6776470556","https://openalex.org/W6996724243"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990625220","https://openalex.org/W2742650963","https://openalex.org/W7095301122","https://openalex.org/W2172168045","https://openalex.org/W2102290926","https://openalex.org/W2414751290","https://openalex.org/W2145860369","https://openalex.org/W2026028738","https://openalex.org/W7169807411","https://openalex.org/W3081860705"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Twin":[0],"studies":[1],"of":[2,15,30,38,43,55,105,120,154,174,181,212],"complex":[3],"traits,":[4],"such":[5],"as":[6,52,102],"behavior":[7],"or":[8,118,215,226],"psychiatric":[9],"diagnoses,":[10],"frequently":[11],"involve":[12],"univariate":[13],"analysis":[14,153,211,221],"a":[16,56,95,103,140,179],"sum":[17,155,191,214],"score":[18],"derived":[19],"from":[20],"multiple":[21,53],"items.":[22,196],"In":[23],"this":[24],"article,":[25],"we":[26],"show":[27,150],"that":[28,97,151],"absence":[29],"measurement":[31,109,205],"invariance":[32,206],"across":[33,207],"zygosity":[34,208],"can":[35],"bias":[36,175],"estimates":[37],"genetic":[39,220],"and":[40,59,87,161,183,218],"environmental":[41],"components":[42],"variance.":[44],"Specifically,":[45],"if":[46],"the":[47,60,65,68,72,76,79,136,152,166,213,223],"item":[48,225],"responses":[49],"are":[50,111,123,176,184],"considered":[51],"indicators":[54],"latent":[57,69,168],"factor,":[58,70],"aim":[61],"is":[62],"to":[63,78,139,165,186,198,210],"partition":[64],"variance":[66],"in":[67,127,143],"then":[71],"factor":[73,80],"loadings":[74,99],"relating":[75],"items":[77],"should":[81,100],"be":[82,133,187],"equal":[83],"for":[84,113,178,190,204],"monozygotic":[85],"(MZ)":[86],"dizygotic":[88],"(DZ)":[89],"twins.":[90],"While":[91],"it":[92],"seems":[93],"unlikely,":[94],"priori,":[96],"these":[98,199],"differ":[101],"function":[104],"zygosity,":[106],"certain":[107],"special":[108],"situations":[110],"cause":[112],"concern.":[114],"Ratings":[115],"by":[116,135],"parents,":[117],"self-ratings":[119],"phenotypes":[121],"which":[122],"more":[124],"easily":[125],"observed":[126],"others":[128],"than":[129,145],"via":[130],"introspection,":[131],"may":[132],"tainted":[134],"co-twin's":[137],"phenotype":[138],"greater":[141],"extent":[142],"MZ":[144,160],"DZ":[146,162],"pairs.":[147],"We":[148],"also":[149],"scores":[156,192],"typically":[157],"biases":[158],"both":[159],"correlations":[163],"compared":[164],"true":[167],"trait":[169],"correlation.":[170],"These":[171],"two":[172],"sources":[173],"quantified":[177],"range":[180],"values":[182],"shown":[185],"especially":[188],"acute":[189],"based":[193],"on":[194],"binary":[195],"Solutions":[197],"problems":[200],"include":[201],"formal":[202],"tests":[203],"prior":[209],"scale":[216],"scores,":[217],"multivariate":[219],"at":[222],"individual":[224],"symptom":[227],"level.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}