{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2019178458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7187(05)80002-5","title":"Patent races optimal with respect to entry","display_name":"Patent races optimal with respect to entry","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2019178458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7187(05)80002-5","mag":"2019178458"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0167-7187(05)80002-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7187(05)80002-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7187(05)80002-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183232449","display_name":"International Journal of Industrial Organization","issn_l":"0167-7187","issn":["0167-7187","1873-7986"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Industrial Organization","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081961049","display_name":"John M. Hartwick","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John M. Hartwick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen's University, Kingston, Ont., Canada K7L 3N6"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ont., Canada K7L 3N6","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081961049"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21695629,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"197","last_page":"207"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":0.008299999870359898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13842","display_name":"Intellectual Property Law","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patent-race","display_name":"patent race","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-entry","display_name":"firm entry","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation-incentives","display_name":"innovation incentives","score":0.5239999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6811027526855469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.6260589361190796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5712345838546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.47907310724258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3837590515613556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3646054267883301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3608301281929016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.3275830149650574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3264209032058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.1682778000831604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.16650709509849548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0167-7187(05)80002-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7187(05)80002-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7187(05)80002-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183232449","display_name":"International Journal of Industrial Organization","issn_l":"0167-7187","issn":["0167-7187","1873-7986"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Industrial Organization","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:3125377927","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/RePEc:qed:wpaper:711","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:indorg:v:9:y:1991:i:2:p:197-207","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167-7187(05)80002-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536411649","https://openalex.org/W1564782143","https://openalex.org/W1969091179","https://openalex.org/W1969917379","https://openalex.org/W2003445166","https://openalex.org/W2010628486","https://openalex.org/W2016856641","https://openalex.org/W2019241877","https://openalex.org/W2019354364","https://openalex.org/W2020663998","https://openalex.org/W2025861260","https://openalex.org/W2094931250","https://openalex.org/W2118569291","https://openalex.org/W2133830535","https://openalex.org/W2139767170","https://openalex.org/W2170753634","https://openalex.org/W2595449877","https://openalex.org/W2606331416","https://openalex.org/W2992977518","https://openalex.org/W2994061995","https://openalex.org/W3121153701","https://openalex.org/W3202243234","https://openalex.org/W4240821668","https://openalex.org/W6632025531","https://openalex.org/W6633826941","https://openalex.org/W6771234201","https://openalex.org/W6771344791"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3122664842","https://openalex.org/W2134783757","https://openalex.org/W2182662489","https://openalex.org/W4241450906","https://openalex.org/W2895881050","https://openalex.org/W3023893695","https://openalex.org/W7095653143","https://openalex.org/W2168879783","https://openalex.org/W6995565728","https://openalex.org/W2139402525"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
