{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2019018595","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/17.2.319","title":"The President Versus the Senate: Appointments in the American System of Separated Powers and the Federal Reserve","display_name":"The President Versus the Senate: Appointments in the American System of Separated Powers and the Federal Reserve","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2019018595","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/17.2.319","mag":"2019018595"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jleo/17.2.319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/17.2.319","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/17.2.319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168091","display_name":"The Journal of Law Economics and Organization","issn_l":"1465-7341","issn":["1465-7341","8756-6222"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=272481","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044603350","display_name":"Kelly Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5385-2782","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5385-2782","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4136-6688"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"K. H. Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044603350"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4106,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4106},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.853,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98041127,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"2","first_page":"319","last_page":"355"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13445","display_name":"American Constitutional Law and Politics","score":0.3562000095844269,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13445","display_name":"American Constitutional Law and Politics","score":0.3562000095844269,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10802","display_name":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","score":0.18320000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.14640000462532043,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presidential-nominations","display_name":"presidential nominations","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/senate-confirmation","display_name":"Senate confirmation","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/separation-of-powers","display_name":"separation of powers","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-influence","display_name":"policy influence","score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monetary-policy-preferences","display_name":"monetary policy preferences","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federal-reserve-board","display_name":"Federal Reserve Board","score":0.3659999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780510313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178706","display_name":"Institution","level":2,"score":0.6077443361282349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126285488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178476","display_name":"Monetary policy","level":2,"score":0.5608136653900146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5569879412651062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112758219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16038819","display_name":"Duration (music)","level":2,"score":0.47760650515556335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.474789559841156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.37352854013442993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3645404875278473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3107387125492096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.11874744296073914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jleo/17.2.319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/17.2.319","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/17.2.319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168091","display_name":"The Journal of Law Economics and Organization","issn_l":"1465-7341","issn":["1465-7341","8756-6222"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:3121423909","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=272481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:3121423909","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=272481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.666700005531311}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483979169","https://openalex.org/W1484936700","https://openalex.org/W1486387692","https://openalex.org/W1968201639","https://openalex.org/W1991865067","https://openalex.org/W2005467486","https://openalex.org/W2046847479","https://openalex.org/W2062889816","https://openalex.org/W2097978133"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4248746310","https://openalex.org/W2504012186","https://openalex.org/W3186552086","https://openalex.org/W2490059557","https://openalex.org/W2503117721","https://openalex.org/W1991523499","https://openalex.org/W2060485815","https://openalex.org/W2168193881","https://openalex.org/W3126098024","https://openalex.org/W2012584300"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"politicians,":[1],"appointments":[2],"are":[3,44,52],"an":[4,14],"instrument":[5],"of":[6,25,86],"policy":[7,20,103,110],"influence.":[8],"By":[9],"installing":[10],"their":[11,26],"representatives":[12],"in":[13,47,62],"institution,":[15],"politicians":[16],"can":[17,58],"count":[18],"on":[19],"influence":[21,61,93,111],"for":[22],"the":[23,30,32,40,56,63,74,84,87],"duration":[24],"appointees'":[27],"terms.":[28],"Given":[29],"stakes,":[31],"occasional":[33],"controversy":[34],"regarding":[35],"nominees":[36],"is":[37],"understandable.":[38],"On":[39],"whole,":[41],"however,":[42],"nominations":[43],"not":[45],"controversial;":[46],"fact,":[48],"Senate":[49,57,77],"confirmation":[50],"votes":[51],"often":[53],"unanimous.":[54],"Nevertheless,":[55],"have":[59],"substantial":[60],"appointment":[64,90],"process.":[65],"Using":[66],"a":[67,97],"formal":[68],"model,":[69],"this":[70,105],"article":[71,106],"examines":[72],"how":[73],"president":[75],"and":[76],"strategically":[78],"bargain":[79],"with":[80],"one":[81],"another":[82],"within":[83],"confines":[85],"Federal":[88],"Reserve":[89],"process":[91],"to":[92,100],"monetary":[94,102],"policy.":[95],"With":[96],"new":[98],"way":[99],"estimate":[101],"preferences,":[104],"shows":[107],"empirically":[108],"that":[109],"occurs":[112],"via":[113],"appointments.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
