{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2019016756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.460798","title":"Effects of applied load on bone tissue as observed by Raman spectroscopy","display_name":"Effects of applied load on bone tissue as observed by Raman spectroscopy","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-03-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2019016756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.460798","mag":"2019016756"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.460798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.460798","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.460798","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113960415","display_name":"Michael D. Morris","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael D. Morris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Michigan (United States)","University of Michigan , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Michigan (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079592959","display_name":"Angela Carden","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angela Carden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Michigan (United States)","University of Michigan , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Michigan (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058651182","display_name":"Rupak M. Rajachar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6233-9307","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6233-9307"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rupak M. Rajachar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Michigan (United States)","University of Michigan , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Michigan (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070160093","display_name":"David H. Kohn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8833-0076","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8833-0076"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David H. Kohn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Michigan (United States)","University of Michigan , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Michigan (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.7462,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98418079,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"4614","issue":null,"first_page":"47","last_page":"54"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10071","display_name":"Bone health and osteoporosis research","score":0.0035000001080334187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10059","display_name":"Bone Tissue Engineering Materials","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-fractures","display_name":"bone fractures","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-phosphate-minerals","display_name":"calcium phosphate minerals","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collagen-matrix","display_name":"collagen matrix","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raman-band-shift","display_name":"Raman band shift","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mineral-phase-transitions","display_name":"mineral transformation","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation-toughening","display_name":"transformation toughening","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/femur","display_name":"femur","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mice","display_name":"mice","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-ultrastructure","display_name":"bone ultrastructure","score":0.6830000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40003534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862228","display_name":"Raman spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.857550859451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776886416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4941567","display_name":"Bone mineral","level":3,"score":0.5228267908096313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777888453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30674616","display_name":"Toughening","level":3,"score":0.5121976733207703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778606738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265868","display_name":"Bone tissue","level":2,"score":0.5008649826049805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993697008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424568","display_name":"Bone matrix","level":3,"score":0.4968459904193878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43369102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2307625","display_name":"Fracture (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4682878851890564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4510830342769623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519063684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q706","display_name":"Calcium","level":2,"score":0.43972572684288025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780309369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933382","display_name":"Calcification","level":2,"score":0.43663308024406433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.42463403940200806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.42009302973747253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.38577547669410706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3703761696815491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776541429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165328","display_name":"Osteoporosis","level":2,"score":0.3550274968147278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.306989848613739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.28478556871414185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.24984902143478394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.18220514059066772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.15021121501922607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.09777802228927612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.09286096692085266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07055285573005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780550940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502730","display_name":"Cartilage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99595764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486802","display_name":"Toughness","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.460798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.460798","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.460798","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309652","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332706","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Michigan","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3160803825","https://openalex.org/W7095299989","https://openalex.org/W1995644876","https://openalex.org/W2131168388","https://openalex.org/W2673910079","https://openalex.org/W2028245598","https://openalex.org/W2954407007","https://openalex.org/W3193873939","https://openalex.org/W2626685687","https://openalex.org/W2211718526"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"skeleton":[1],"is":[2,11,20,23,75,140,192],"certainly":[3],"essential":[4],"to":[5,66,99,142,186],"our":[6],"physiology.":[7],"Yet,":[8],"surprisingly":[9],"little":[10],"understood":[12],"about":[13],"how":[14],"bone":[15,62,110,127,183],"responds":[16],"when":[17],"a":[18,178],"load":[19],"applied.":[21],"This":[22],"particularly":[24],"true":[25],"at":[26,69,81],"the":[27,32,37,43,55,58,82,104,107,114,126,144,150,165,172,182,187,199],"ultrastructural":[28],"level,":[29,84],"where":[30],"neither":[31],"behavior":[33],"under":[34],"stress":[35],"of":[36,42,57,61,77,109,116,146,154,202],"collagenous":[38],"matrix":[39,108],"nor":[40],"that":[41,170,191],"calcium":[44],"phosphate":[45],"mineral":[46,105,151,166],"has":[47],"been":[48],"explored.":[49],"Most":[50],"standard":[51],"techniques":[52],"used":[53,141],"in":[54,102,125,134,152,164,181,194],"investigation":[56],"biomechanical":[59],"properties":[60],"tissue":[63],"are":[64,97,162],"unable":[65],"obtain":[67],"information":[68],"this":[70,94,132,135],"level.":[71],"Raman":[72,128,138],"spectroscopy,":[73],"however,":[74],"capable":[76],"probing":[78],"biological":[79],"specimens":[80],"molecular":[83],"without":[85],"interference":[86],"from":[87,156],"water":[88],"or":[89],"common":[90],"histological":[91],"stains.":[92],"Using":[93],"technique,":[95],"we":[96],"able":[98],"observe":[100],"changes":[101,119],"both":[103],"and":[106,112,158],"during":[111],"after":[113],"application":[115],"load.":[117],"These":[118],"manifest":[120],"themselves":[121],"as":[122],"band":[123],"shifts":[124],"spectrum.":[129],"We":[130,197],"utilize":[131],"ability":[133],"study.":[136],"Two-dimensional":[137],"imaging":[139],"investigate":[143],"effect":[145],"macroscopic":[147],"fracture":[148,173],"on":[149],"sections":[153],"femora":[155],"4-month-old":[157],"18-month-old":[159],"mice.":[160],"Changes":[161],"seen":[163],"around":[167],"fractured":[168],"areas":[169],"indicate":[171],"process":[174,190],"may":[175],"be":[176],"causing":[177],"phase":[179],"transformation":[180],"mineral,":[184],"similar":[185],"'transformation":[188],"toughening'":[189],"observed":[193],"many":[195],"ceramics.":[196],"discuss":[198],"physiological":[200],"implications":[201],"these":[203],"results.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}