{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2018993480","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1006/jjie.1999.0429","title":"Causes of the Long Stagnation of Japan During the 1990s: Financial or Real?","display_name":"Causes of the Long Stagnation of Japan During the 1990s: Financial or Real?","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2018993480","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1006/jjie.1999.0429","mag":"2018993480"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1006/jjie.1999.0429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1006/jjie.1999.0429","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1006/jjie.1999.0429","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160393188","display_name":"Journal of the Japanese and International Economies","issn_l":"0889-1583","issn":["0889-1583","1095-8681"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Japanese and International Economies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w7351","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051306396","display_name":"Taizo Motonishi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7809-5682","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7809-5682"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43777268","display_name":"Nagasaki University","ror":"https://ror.org/058h74p94","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43777268"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taizo Motonishi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Economics, Nagasaki University, 4-2-1 Katafuchi, Nagasaki, 850-8506, Japan","#N##TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB# Nagasaki University#N##TAB##TAB##TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Economics, Nagasaki University, 4-2-1 Katafuchi, Nagasaki, 850-8506, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43777268"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N##TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB# Nagasaki University#N##TAB##TAB##TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43777268"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034413775","display_name":"Hiroshi Yoshikawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0624-6039","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0624-6039"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroshi Yoshikawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan","University of Tokyo - Faculty of Economics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tokyo - Faculty of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3970,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3970},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.6328,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":164,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98644383,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"3","first_page":"181","last_page":"200"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.7865999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.7865999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11742","display_name":"Economic Theory and Policy","score":0.09160000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.07450000196695328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/japanese-economic-stagnation","display_name":"Japanese economic stagnation","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-investment","display_name":"corporate investment","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-constraints","display_name":"financial constraints","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/credit-crunch","display_name":"credit crunch","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bank-lending","display_name":"bank lending","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment-function","display_name":"investment function","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-size","display_name":"firm size","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-firms","display_name":"manufacturing companies","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1990s-japan","display_name":"1990s Japan","score":0.7850000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129361004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2470236","display_name":"Profitability index","level":2,"score":0.693220317363739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776809875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1375963","display_name":"Converse","level":2,"score":0.6768472790718079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.6409178972244263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181370504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q874884","display_name":"Economic stagnation","level":3,"score":0.6222681403160095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780614964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q811154","display_name":"Crunch","level":2,"score":0.5050268769264221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5020830631256104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180879305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q590998","display_name":"Credit crunch","level":2,"score":0.49907827377319336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.465962678194046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73283319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416617","display_name":"Financial system","level":1,"score":0.39835935831069946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3803819417953491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.35110703110694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1006/jjie.1999.0429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1006/jjie.1999.0429","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1006/jjie.1999.0429","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160393188","display_name":"Journal of the Japanese and International Economies","issn_l":"0889-1583","issn":["0889-1583","1095-8681"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Japanese and International Economies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.3386/w7351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w7351","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w7351","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w7351","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nbr:nberwo:7351","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.nber.org/papers/w7351.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.nber.org/papers/w7351.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008970630","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://papers.nber.org/papers/w7351.pdf","pdf_url":"http://papers.nber.org/papers/w7351.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2018993480","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/nber_w7351.pdf?abstractid=194678&mirid=2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3125917677","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/nbrnberwo/7351.htm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:jjieco:v:13:y:1999:i:3:p:181-200","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889-1583(99)90429-X","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w7351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w7351","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w7351","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w7351","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.7257999777793884,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2018993480.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2018993480.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981883746","https://openalex.org/W2018993480","https://openalex.org/W2020872716","https://openalex.org/W2073589845","https://openalex.org/W2086328037","https://openalex.org/W2124115302","https://openalex.org/W2131921554","https://openalex.org/W2149088624","https://openalex.org/W2172399901","https://openalex.org/W2341795385","https://openalex.org/W2890805179","https://openalex.org/W3123351676","https://openalex.org/W3123383867","https://openalex.org/W7057090244"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6980464123","https://openalex.org/W1483734672","https://openalex.org/W3034374706","https://openalex.org/W2950628775","https://openalex.org/W2125203300","https://openalex.org/W2059722519","https://openalex.org/W976433485","https://openalex.org/W3148596756","https://openalex.org/W2062264611","https://openalex.org/W2360659261"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-18T09:31:52.927876","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
