{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2018991941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amv012","title":"An Investigation of Native and Nonnative English Speakers\u2019 Levels of Written Syntactic Complexity in Asynchronous Online Discussions","display_name":"An Investigation of Native and Nonnative English Speakers\u2019 Levels of Written Syntactic Complexity in Asynchronous Online Discussions","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-04-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2018991941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amv012","mag":"2018991941"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/applin/amv012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amv012","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amv012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183798913","display_name":"Applied Linguistics","issn_l":"0142-6001","issn":["0142-6001","1477-450X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026439607","display_name":"Rae Mancilla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7940-7818","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7940-7818"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165102784","display_name":"Duquesne University","ror":"https://ror.org/02336z538","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165102784"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rae L. Mancilla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165102784"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015039232","display_name":"Nihat Polat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6657-4985","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6657-4985"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165102784","display_name":"Duquesne University","ror":"https://ror.org/02336z538","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165102784"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nihat Polat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165102784"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014291394","display_name":"Ahmet O\u011fuz Ak\u00e7ay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2109-976X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2109-976X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165102784","display_name":"Duquesne University","ror":"https://ror.org/02336z538","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165102784"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmet O. Akcay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165102784"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026439607"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165102784"],"apc_list":{"value":5481,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5481},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.129,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97954121,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"1","first_page":"112","last_page":"134"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.6606000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.6606000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11587","display_name":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","score":0.20890000462532043,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10366","display_name":"Discourse Analysis in Language Studies","score":0.10300000011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntactic-complexity","display_name":"syntactic complexity","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-online-discussion","display_name":"asynchronous online discussion","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subordination","display_name":"subordination","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coordination","display_name":"coordination","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-proficiency","display_name":"English proficiency","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences-in-writing","display_name":"gender differences in writing","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graduate-students","display_name":"graduate students","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-design","display_name":"task design","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/writing-intervention","display_name":"writing intervention","score":0.3440000116825104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.7473396062850952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.5881736874580383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4917660057544708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171041071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36870","display_name":"First language","level":2,"score":0.45857033133506775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.281435489654541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/applin/amv012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amv012","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amv012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183798913","display_name":"Applied Linguistics","issn_l":"0142-6001","issn":["0142-6001","1477-450X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6164000034332275,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W194244285","https://openalex.org/W281476465","https://openalex.org/W369985311","https://openalex.org/W581785791","https://openalex.org/W1484934815","https://openalex.org/W1939585078","https://openalex.org/W1963805745","https://openalex.org/W1971020201","https://openalex.org/W1976154445","https://openalex.org/W1986963833","https://openalex.org/W2005028297","https://openalex.org/W2007231077","https://openalex.org/W2022622263","https://openalex.org/W2023733259","https://openalex.org/W2025329268","https://openalex.org/W2035909327","https://openalex.org/W2045279986","https://openalex.org/W2047957794","https://openalex.org/W2056381695","https://openalex.org/W2059319155","https://openalex.org/W2060485916","https://openalex.org/W2071516704","https://openalex.org/W2080656478","https://openalex.org/W2083536748","https://openalex.org/W2097050133","https://openalex.org/W2104018267","https://openalex.org/W2114215534","https://openalex.org/W2121403700","https://openalex.org/W2127842672","https://openalex.org/W2134219116","https://openalex.org/W2140105204","https://openalex.org/W2140197621","https://openalex.org/W2141010200","https://openalex.org/W2144420374","https://openalex.org/W2156257627","https://openalex.org/W2162140241","https://openalex.org/W2169057255","https://openalex.org/W2172192575","https://openalex.org/W2258090339","https://openalex.org/W2312877430","https://openalex.org/W2320928231","https://openalex.org/W2900346506","https://openalex.org/W3003388224"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4392734901","https://openalex.org/W4310036674","https://openalex.org/W2258090339","https://openalex.org/W794495026","https://openalex.org/W4385785247","https://openalex.org/W7034482819","https://openalex.org/W2935594739","https://openalex.org/W2894302080","https://openalex.org/W4304140079","https://openalex.org/W4404503466"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"manuscript":[1],"reports":[2],"on":[3],"a":[4,26],"corpus-based":[5],"comparison":[6],"of":[7,46,52,56,59,63,74,84,87,149,161],"native":[8,36,90],"and":[9,37,61,72,97,104,116,119,124,134],"nonnative":[10,38,98],"graduate":[11],"students\u2019":[12,40],"language":[13,76],"production":[14,53],"in":[15,43,82,94,101,171],"an":[16],"asynchronous":[17,172],"learning":[18,173],"environment.":[19],"Using":[20],"486":[21],"discussion":[22],"board":[23],"postings":[24],"from":[25],"five-year":[27],"period":[28],"(2009\u20132013),":[29],"we":[30],"analyzed":[31],"the":[32,50,147],"extent":[33],"to":[34,128,168],"which":[35],"university":[39,156],"writing":[41],"differed":[42],"10":[44,85],"measures":[45,86],"syntactic":[47],"complexity":[48],"targeting":[49],"length":[51],"unit,":[54],"amount":[55,58],"subordination,":[57],"coordination,":[60],"degree":[62],"phrasal":[64,105],"sophistication.":[65,106],"We":[66],"also":[67],"compared":[68],"across":[69],"gender":[70],"subgroups":[71],"levels":[73,160],"English":[75],"proficiency.":[77],"Results":[78],"indicated":[79],"significant":[80,112],"differences":[81,113,121,131],"four":[83],"complexity,":[88],"with":[89],"speakers":[91,99],"(NSs)":[92],"engaging":[93],"more":[95,102],"subordination":[96,153],"(NNSs)":[100],"coordination":[103],"Between-group":[107],"comparisons":[108],"yielded":[109],"no":[110],"statistically":[111],"between":[114,122,132],"NSs":[115,123],"high-level":[117],"NNSs,":[118],"moderate":[120],"low-level":[125],"NNSs":[126],"related":[127],"subordination.":[129],"Some":[130],"male":[133],"female":[135],"writers":[136],"were":[137],"found.":[138],"Together":[139],"these":[140],"results":[141],"call":[142],"for":[143,145],"interventions":[144],"enhancing":[146],"use":[148],"linguistic":[150],"devices":[151],"like":[152],"among":[154],"NNS":[155],"students":[157],"at":[158],"tertiary":[159],"instruction,":[162],"as":[163,165],"well":[164],"greater":[166],"attention":[167],"task":[169],"design":[170],"environments.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
