{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2018983590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6939-8-10","title":"Microbicide research in developing countries: have we given the ethical concerns due consideration?","display_name":"Microbicide research in developing countries: have we given the ethical concerns due consideration?","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-09-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2018983590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6939-8-10","mag":"2018983590","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17877834","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2082018"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1472-6939-8-10","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6939-8-10","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6939-8-10","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedethics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1472-6939-8-10","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17537316","display_name":"BMC Medical Ethics","issn_l":"1472-6939","issn":["1472-6939"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedethics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1472-6939-8-10","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059365719","display_name":"Keymanthri Moodley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3404-4901","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3404-4901","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6163-4806"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Keymanthri Moodley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bioethics Unit - Tygerberg Division, Faculty of Health Sciences and Centre for Applied Ethics, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa. km@sun.ac.za","Bioethics Unit \u2013 Tygerberg Division, Faculty of Health Sciences and Centre for Applied Ethics, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioethics Unit - Tygerberg Division, Faculty of Health Sciences and Centre for Applied Ethics, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa. km@sun.ac.za","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioethics Unit \u2013 Tygerberg Division, Faculty of Health Sciences and Centre for Applied Ethics, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059365719"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2290},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2290},"fwci":3.8673,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92658272,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"10","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.7997999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.7997999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.17640000581741333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13147","display_name":"Ethics and bioethics in healthcare","score":0.01730000041425228,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-prevention","display_name":"HIV prevention","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-ethics","display_name":"research ethics","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-ethics-committees","display_name":"research ethics committees","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/male-partner-involvement","display_name":"male partner involvement","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychosocial-harm","display_name":"psychosocial harm","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informed-consent","display_name":"informed consent","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-benefit-assessment","display_name":"risk-benefit assessment","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.8510000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197746943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68541106","display_name":"Microbicide","level":3,"score":0.8747974038124084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117214928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7905570","display_name":"Microbicides for sexually transmitted diseases","level":4,"score":0.7899190187454224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153997805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42240","display_name":"Research ethics","level":2,"score":0.6394860744476318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.5542358160018921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.5232480764389038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68122502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q764527","display_name":"Informed consent","level":3,"score":0.5114611387252808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121242521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427574","display_name":"Philosophy of medicine","level":3,"score":0.5106285214424133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.499133825302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150966472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3410145","display_name":"Psychosocial","level":2,"score":0.43926432728767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.4221782088279724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.41878604888916016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.34217044711112976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3394511640071869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.3277367949485779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.24628013372421265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.23803091049194336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.21523699164390564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.1989656388759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1867840588092804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.15763556957244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.15575969219207764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986740045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health services","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002482","descriptor_name":"Cellulose","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002482","descriptor_name":"Cellulose","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003906","descriptor_name":"Developing Countries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006297","descriptor_name":"Health Services Accessibility","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006679","descriptor_name":"HIV Seropositivity","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007258","descriptor_name":"Informed Consent","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011251","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy Complications, Infectious","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011251","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy Complications, Infectious","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012108","descriptor_name":"Research Personnel","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012747","descriptor_name":"Sexual Partners","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013019","descriptor_name":"South Africa","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000635","qualifier_name":"transmission","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016915","descriptor_name":"AIDS Vaccines","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016915","descriptor_name":"AIDS Vaccines","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017137","descriptor_name":"Nonoxynol","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017280","descriptor_name":"Condoms","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017326","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018445","descriptor_name":"Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019380","descriptor_name":"Anti-HIV Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019380","descriptor_name":"Anti-HIV Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D028681","descriptor_name":"Moral Obligations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D028744","descriptor_name":"Ethics Committees, Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D032984","descriptor_name":"Ethics, Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035842","descriptor_name":"Research Subjects","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D035862","descriptor_name":"Vulnerable Populations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/1472-6939-8-10","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6939-8-10","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6939-8-10","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedethics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1472-6939-8-10","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17537316","display_name":"BMC Medical Ethics","issn_l":"1472-6939","issn":["1472-6939"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2082018","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2082018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Ethics","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:17877834","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17877834","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical ethics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.283.9193","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.283.9193","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/04/6a/BMC_Med_Ethics_2007_Sep_19_8_10.tar.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bdfc961a2f0d47ae8443c2d58036e6b0","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bdfc961a2f0d47ae8443c2d58036e6b0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Ethics, Vol 8, Iss 1, p 10 (2007)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/960972","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Microbicide+research+in+developing+countries:+have+we+given+the+ethical+concerns+due+consideration?&title=BMC+Medical+Ethics+&volume=8&issue=10&date=2007-12&au=Moodley,+Keymanthri","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eweb:311518","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/5108","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400300","display_name":"SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","host_organization_name":"Stellenbosch University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1472-6939-8-10","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6939-8-10","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6939-8-10","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedethics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1472-6939-8-10","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17537316","display_name":"BMC Medical Ethics","issn_l":"1472-6939","issn":["1472-6939"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2018983590.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2018983590.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489955557","https://openalex.org/W1531605540","https://openalex.org/W1969827122","https://openalex.org/W1979558282","https://openalex.org/W1990387237","https://openalex.org/W1993557126","https://openalex.org/W1994842809","https://openalex.org/W2005208072","https://openalex.org/W2019710337","https://openalex.org/W2024213191","https://openalex.org/W2032170423","https://openalex.org/W2053326730","https://openalex.org/W2057871897","https://openalex.org/W2062146075","https://openalex.org/W2065852507","https://openalex.org/W2071530170","https://openalex.org/W2079146803","https://openalex.org/W2079404022","https://openalex.org/W2084892974","https://openalex.org/W2087603097","https://openalex.org/W2102655889","https://openalex.org/W2119259782","https://openalex.org/W2157531977","https://openalex.org/W2161042396","https://openalex.org/W2163018691","https://openalex.org/W2306390396","https://openalex.org/W2324266750","https://openalex.org/W2615437891","https://openalex.org/W2756954468","https://openalex.org/W3206486718","https://openalex.org/W4291677065"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7097236905","https://openalex.org/W1970909879","https://openalex.org/W2324834221","https://openalex.org/W2107260614","https://openalex.org/W2328866134","https://openalex.org/W2312871203","https://openalex.org/W2084892974","https://openalex.org/W2325402740","https://openalex.org/W1982145760","https://openalex.org/W2149726813"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"HIV":[1,18,59,254],"prevention":[2],"research":[3,20,37,50,88,118,268],"has":[4],"been":[5,23,111],"fraught":[6],"with":[7,281],"ethical":[8,32,62,206,215,270,287,300,317],"concerns":[9,14,33,63,82,107,218],"since":[10],"its":[11],"inception.":[12],"These":[13],"were":[15],"highlighted":[16],"during":[17,199,256,319],"vaccine":[19],"and":[21,51,71,78,122,173,205,216,226,246,269,286,337,342],"have":[22,110,135,236],"elaborated":[24],"in":[25,53,86,95,150,232,272,340],"microbicide":[26,36,44,87,263,309,323],"research.":[27],"A":[28],"host":[29],"of":[30,49,56,105,117,153,156,163,178,197,209,243,248,308,322],"unique":[31],"pervade":[34],"the":[35,47,54,57,96,114,151,160,238,241,305,312,320,334],"process":[38],"from":[39],"trial":[40,227],"design":[41],"to":[42,84,98,165,187,190,250,283,296],"post-trial":[43],"availability.":[45],"Given":[46,311],"urgency":[48,97,307],"development":[52],"face":[55],"devastating":[58],"pandemic,":[60],"these":[61,106],"represent":[64],"an":[65,266],"enormous":[66],"challenge":[67],"for":[68,138],"investigators,":[69],"sponsors":[70],"Research":[72],"Ethics":[73],"Committees":[74],"(RECs)":[75],"both":[76,120,284],"locally":[77],"internationally.":[79],"DISCUSSION:":[80],"Ethical":[81],"relating":[83],"safety":[85],"are":[89,143,265,294,302],"a":[90,100,136],"major":[91],"international":[92,329],"concern.":[93],"However,":[94,158,275],"develop":[99],"medically":[101],"efficacious":[102],"microbicide,":[103],"some":[104],"may":[108,169,180],"not":[109],"anticipated.":[112],"In":[113,128],"risk-benefit":[115],"assessment":[116],"protocols,":[119],"medical":[121,139],"psycho-social":[123,141],"risk":[124],"must":[125,220,278],"be":[126,170,221,279],"considered.":[127],"this":[129,168],"paper":[130],"four":[131],"main":[132],"areas":[133],"that":[134,219,292,298,328],"potential":[137],"and/or":[140],"harm":[142,189],"examined.":[144],"Male":[145],"partner":[146],"involvement":[147],"is":[148,290,326,331],"controversial":[149],"setting":[152],"covert":[154],"use":[155,177],"microbicides.":[157],"given":[159],"long-term":[161],"exposure":[162],"men":[164],"experimental":[166],"products,":[167],"methodologically,":[171],"ethically":[172],"legally":[174],"important.":[175],"Covert":[176],"microbicides":[179],"impact":[181],"negatively":[182],"on":[183,240],"relationship":[184],"dynamics":[185],"leading":[186],"psychosocial":[188],"varying":[191],"extents.":[192],"The":[193],"unexpectedly":[194],"high":[195,299],"rates":[196],"pregnancy":[198],"clinical":[200],"trials":[201,234,264,277],"raise":[202],"important":[203,327],"methodological":[204,285],"concerns.":[207],"Enrollment":[208],"adolescents":[210],"without":[211],"parental":[212],"consent":[213,245],"generates":[214],"legal":[217],"carefully":[222],"considered":[223],"by":[224,315],"RECs":[225],"sites.":[228],"Finally,":[229],"paradoxical":[230],"outcomes":[231],"recent":[233],"internationally":[235],"advanced":[237],"debate":[239],"nature":[242],"informed":[244],"responsibility":[247],"researchers":[249],"participants":[251],"who":[252],"become":[253],"positive":[255],"or":[257],"after":[258],"trials.":[259],"SUMMARY:":[260],"Phase":[261],"3":[262],"undisputed":[267],"priority":[271],"developing":[273,341],"countries.":[274],"such":[276],"conducted":[280],"attention":[282],"detail.":[288],"It":[289],"imperative":[291],"guidelines":[293],"formulated":[295],"ensure":[297],"standards":[301],"maintained":[303],"despite":[304],"scientific":[306],"development.":[310],"controversy":[313],"raised":[314],"emergent":[316],"issues":[318],"course":[321],"development,":[324],"it":[325],"consensus":[330],"reached":[332],"amongst":[333],"various":[335],"ethics":[336],"regulatory":[338],"agencies":[339],"developed":[343],"countries":[344],"alike.":[345]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
