{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2018871060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-01-0313","title":"Both heterozygous and homozygous \u03b1+ thalassemias protect against severe and fatal Plasmodium falciparum malaria on the coast of Kenya","display_name":"Both heterozygous and homozygous \u03b1+ thalassemias protect against severe and fatal Plasmodium falciparum malaria on the coast of Kenya","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-03-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2018871060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-01-0313","mag":"2018871060","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15769889"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1182/blood-2005-01-0313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-01-0313","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-01-0313","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200071133","display_name":"Blood","issn_l":"0006-4971","issn":["0006-4971","1528-0020"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blood","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028638805","display_name":"Thomas Neil Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4456-2382","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4456-2382","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6496-5923"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802742124","display_name":"John Radcliffe Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0080acb59","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802742124","https://openalex.org/I4210127145","https://openalex.org/I4210147381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2841861","display_name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04r1cxt79","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405267625","display_name":"KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/03my81p15","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2841861","https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4405267625","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB","KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas N. Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital; Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London; and Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and the Wellcome Trust Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom","From the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya","Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London","Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital; Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London; and Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and the Wellcome Trust Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802742124","https://openalex.org/I2841861","https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861","https://openalex.org/I4405267625"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802742124","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045503264","display_name":"Sammy Wambua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3041-2714","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3041-2714"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802742124","display_name":"John Radcliffe Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0080acb59","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802742124","https://openalex.org/I4210127145","https://openalex.org/I4210147381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2841861","display_name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04r1cxt79","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405267625","display_name":"KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/03my81p15","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2841861","https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4405267625","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB","KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sammy Wambua","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital; Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London; and Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and the Wellcome Trust Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom","From the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya","Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London","Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital; Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London; and Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and the Wellcome Trust Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802742124","https://openalex.org/I2841861","https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861","https://openalex.org/I4405267625"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802742124","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075569206","display_name":"Sophie M. Uyoga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1746-7873","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1746-7873"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802742124","display_name":"John Radcliffe Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0080acb59","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802742124","https://openalex.org/I4210127145","https://openalex.org/I4210147381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2841861","display_name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04r1cxt79","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405267625","display_name":"KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/03my81p15","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2841861","https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4405267625","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB","KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sophie Uyoga","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital; Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London; and Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and the Wellcome Trust Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom","From the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya","Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London","Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital; Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London; and Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and the Wellcome Trust Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802742124","https://openalex.org/I2841861","https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861","https://openalex.org/I4405267625"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802742124","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109473168","display_name":"Alex Macharia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5364-9610","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5364-9610"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802742124","display_name":"John Radcliffe Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0080acb59","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802742124","https://openalex.org/I4210127145","https://openalex.org/I4210147381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2841861","display_name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04r1cxt79","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405267625","display_name":"KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/03my81p15","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2841861","https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4405267625","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB","KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Macharia","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital; Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London; and Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and the Wellcome Trust Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom","From the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya","Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London","Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital; Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London; and Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and the Wellcome Trust Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802742124","https://openalex.org/I2841861","https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861","https://openalex.org/I4405267625"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802742124","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029161007","display_name":"Jedidah K. Mwacharo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9002-0712","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9002-0712"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802742124","display_name":"John Radcliffe Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0080acb59","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802742124","https://openalex.org/I4210127145","https://openalex.org/I4210147381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2841861","display_name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04r1cxt79","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405267625","display_name":"KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/03my81p15","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2841861","https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4405267625","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB","KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jedidah K. Mwacharo","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital; Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London; and Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and the Wellcome Trust Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom","From the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya","Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London","Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital; Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London; and Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and the Wellcome Trust Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802742124","https://openalex.org/I2841861","https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861","https://openalex.org/I4405267625"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802742124","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014291864","display_name":"Charles R. J. C. Newton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6999-5507","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6999-5507"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802742124","display_name":"John Radcliffe Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0080acb59","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802742124","https://openalex.org/I4210127145","https://openalex.org/I4210147381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2841861","display_name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04r1cxt79","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405267625","display_name":"KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/03my81p15","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2841861","https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4405267625","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB","KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles R. J. C. Newton","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital; Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London; and Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and the Wellcome Trust Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom","From the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya","Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London","Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital; Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London; and Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and the Wellcome Trust Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802742124","https://openalex.org/I2841861","https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861","https://openalex.org/I4405267625"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802742124","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042729842","display_name":"Kathryn Maitland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0007-0645","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0007-0645"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802742124","display_name":"John Radcliffe Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0080acb59","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802742124","https://openalex.org/I4210127145","https://openalex.org/I4210147381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2841861","display_name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04r1cxt79","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405267625","display_name":"KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/03my81p15","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2841861","https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4405267625","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB","KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathryn Maitland","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital; Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London; and Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and the Wellcome Trust Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom","From the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya","Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London","Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital; Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London; and Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and the Wellcome Trust Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802742124","https://openalex.org/I2841861","https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861","https://openalex.org/I4405267625"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802742124","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.8705,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":191,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99311141,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":92,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"106","issue":"1","first_page":"368","last_page":"371"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10091","display_name":"Malaria Research and Control","score":0.8579000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10091","display_name":"Malaria Research and Control","score":0.8579000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10554","display_name":"Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders","score":0.14100000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2716","display_name":"Genetics (clinical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11660","display_name":"Blood groups and transfusion","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2720","display_name":"Hematology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha-thalassemia","display_name":"alpha-thalassemia","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/falciparum-malaria","display_name":"falciparum malaria","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-malaria","display_name":"severe malaria","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaria-mortality","display_name":"malaria mortality","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children","display_name":"children","score":0.34700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coma","display_name":"coma","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-anemia","display_name":"severe anemia","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kenyan-coast","display_name":"coastal Kenya","score":0.7760000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778048844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12156","display_name":"Malaria","level":2,"score":0.8798729181289673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778371730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311383","display_name":"Plasmodium falciparum","level":3,"score":0.716300368309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.6737111210823059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777799968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185137","display_name":"Thalassemia","level":2,"score":0.6552855968475342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6446033716201782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5335771441459656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.5076781511306763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778248108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5445","display_name":"Anemia","level":2,"score":0.4844639301300049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100136789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1772448","display_name":"Coma (optics)","level":2,"score":0.45930469036102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.43633705377578735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.43194687366485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.4205435812473297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.3217592239379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005838","descriptor_name":"Genotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006579","descriptor_name":"Heterozygote","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006720","descriptor_name":"Homozygote","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007630","descriptor_name":"Kenya","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010963","descriptor_name":"Plasmodium falciparum","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016778","descriptor_name":"Malaria, Falciparum","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016778","descriptor_name":"Malaria, Falciparum","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017085","descriptor_name":"alpha-Thalassemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017085","descriptor_name":"alpha-Thalassemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020022","descriptor_name":"Genetic Predisposition to Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1182/blood-2005-01-0313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-01-0313","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-01-0313","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200071133","display_name":"Blood","issn_l":"0006-4971","issn":["0006-4971","1528-0020"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blood","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15769889","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15769889","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blood","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:39804","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/39804/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Blood , 106 (1) pp. 368-371. (2005)","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:88d514e6-ff82-4aa5-b4f0-4b6804f42f95","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:88d514e6-ff82-4aa5-b4f0-4b6804f42f95","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symplectic Elements at Oxford","raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518571278","https://openalex.org/W1585156201","https://openalex.org/W1969180772","https://openalex.org/W1977303075","https://openalex.org/W1993432467","https://openalex.org/W1993646556","https://openalex.org/W1997901320","https://openalex.org/W2018469646","https://openalex.org/W2046829645","https://openalex.org/W2052137707","https://openalex.org/W2061358207","https://openalex.org/W2082103274","https://openalex.org/W2093866426","https://openalex.org/W2099299834","https://openalex.org/W2107934195","https://openalex.org/W2115179234","https://openalex.org/W2135490630","https://openalex.org/W2148039399","https://openalex.org/W2160888487","https://openalex.org/W2258193300","https://openalex.org/W2319062902","https://openalex.org/W2322213143","https://openalex.org/W2415324947","https://openalex.org/W2416215115","https://openalex.org/W4302354217"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993646556","https://openalex.org/W2107934195","https://openalex.org/W6890145095","https://openalex.org/W2072715844","https://openalex.org/W4367054688","https://openalex.org/W1983141892","https://openalex.org/W2092053363","https://openalex.org/W2134490787","https://openalex.org/W1492882346","https://openalex.org/W2148187804"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"the":[1,90,129,135,149],"alpha+":[2,51],"thalassemias":[3],"almost":[4],"certainly":[5],"confer":[6],"protection":[7],"against":[8,160],"death":[9,161],"from":[10,162],"malaria,":[11],"this":[12],"has":[13],"not":[14],"been":[15],"formally":[16],"documented.":[17],"We":[18],"have":[19],"conducted":[20],"a":[21,157],"study":[22,147],"involving":[23],"655":[24],"case":[25,57,121],"patients":[26,58],"with":[27,59,86,98,119,134],"rigorously":[28],"defined":[29],"severe":[30,60,99,139],"malaria":[31,61,100,132],"and":[32,41,49,67,75,80,88,103,108,113,138,154],"648":[33],"controls,":[34],"frequency":[35],"matched":[36],"on":[37],"area":[38],"of":[39,46,92,131],"residence":[40],"ethnic":[42],"group.":[43],"The":[44,123],"prevalence":[45],"both":[47,56,152],"heterozygous":[48],"homozygous":[50],"thalassemia":[52],"was":[53],"reduced":[54],"in":[55],"(adjusted":[62],"odds":[63],"ratios":[64],"[ORs],":[65],"0.73":[66],"0.57;":[68],"95%":[69,105],"confidence":[70],"intervals":[71],"[95%":[72],"CIs],":[73],"0.57-0.94":[74],"0.40-0.81;":[76],"P":[77,81,110,114],"=":[78,82,111,115],".013":[79],".002,":[83],"respectively,":[84,117],"compared":[85,118],"controls)":[87],"among":[89],"subgroup":[91],"children":[93],"who":[94],"died":[95],"after":[96],"admission":[97],"(OR,":[101],"0.60":[102],"0.37;":[104],"CI,":[106],"0.37-1.00":[107],"0.16-0.87;":[109],".05":[112],".02,":[116],"surviving":[120],"patients).":[122],"lowest":[124],"ORs":[125],"were":[126],"seen":[127],"for":[128],"forms":[130],"associated":[133],"highest":[136],"mortality-coma":[137],"anemia":[140],"complicated":[141],"by":[142],"deep,":[143],"acidotic":[144],"breathing.":[145],"Our":[146],"supports":[148],"conclusion":[150],"that":[151],"heterozygotes":[153],"homozygotes":[155],"enjoy":[156],"selective":[158],"advantage":[159],"Plasmodium":[163],"falciparum":[164],"malaria.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
