{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2018780370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/health.2013.511235","title":"Determinants of infant mortality in rural India: A three-level model","display_name":"Determinants of infant mortality in rural India: A three-level model","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2018780370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/health.2013.511235","mag":"2018780370"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/health.2013.511235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/health.2013.511235","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/health.2013.511235","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=39453","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210222741","display_name":"Health","issn_l":"1949-4998","issn":["1949-4998","1949-5005"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=39453","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061086351","display_name":"Sada Nand Dwivedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-6143","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-6143"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63739035","display_name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02dwcqs71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210148677","https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sada Nand Dwivedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058454645","display_name":"Shahina Begum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5590-2210","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5590-2210"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63739035","display_name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02dwcqs71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210148677","https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahina Begum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086753653","display_name":"Alok Kumar Dwivedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4574-1761","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4574-1761"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63739035","display_name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02dwcqs71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210148677","https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alok Kumar Dwivedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics , All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) , New Delhi , India;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics , All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) , New Delhi , India;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031817097","display_name":"Arvind Pandey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7698-8831","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7698-8831"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37048141","display_name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0492wrx28","country_code":"IN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37048141"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098320","display_name":"National Institute of Medical Statistics","ror":"https://ror.org/00zkpmz33","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37048141","https://openalex.org/I4210098320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63739035","display_name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02dwcqs71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210148677","https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arvind Pandey","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Medical Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India","Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Medical Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37048141","https://openalex.org/I4210098320"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061086351"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63739035"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3097,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62863569,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"05","issue":"11","first_page":"1742","last_page":"1749"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10209","display_name":"Global Maternal and Child Health","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10209","display_name":"Global Maternal and Child Health","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12741","display_name":"Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10596","display_name":"Child Nutrition and Water Access","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infant-mortality","display_name":"infant mortality","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-india","display_name":"rural India","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilevel-analysis","display_name":"multilevel analysis","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-level-determinants","display_name":"state-level determinants","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/district-level-variation","display_name":"district-level variation","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-to-health-facilities","display_name":"access to health facilities","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-family-health-survey","display_name":"National Family Health Survey","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-data-structures","display_name":"hierarchical data structures","score":0.5360000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112299071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835884","display_name":"Infant mortality","level":3,"score":0.7394235134124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.5459306836128235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119043178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320723","display_name":"Covariate","level":2,"score":0.5114304423332214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4875323474407196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46299933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61559","display_name":"Child mortality","level":3,"score":0.47367364168167114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53059260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374758","display_name":"Multilevel model","level":2,"score":0.46738043427467346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.45400309562683105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.44971808791160583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.42462867498397827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129047720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185","display_name":"Rural area","level":2,"score":0.4161020517349243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.23040461540222168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12603607773780823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.06818589568138123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4236/health.2013.511235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/health.2013.511235","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/health.2013.511235","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=39453","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210222741","display_name":"Health","issn_l":"1949-4998","issn":["1949-4998","1949-5005"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1012.7705","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1012.7705","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://file.scirp.org/pdf/Health_2013111214130253.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/health.2013.511235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/health.2013.511235","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/health.2013.511235","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=39453","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210222741","display_name":"Health","issn_l":"1949-4998","issn":["1949-4998","1949-5005"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8560000061988831,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320720","display_name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0492wrx28"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2018780370.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2018780370.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W86502273","https://openalex.org/W616602317","https://openalex.org/W1851014072","https://openalex.org/W1868725605","https://openalex.org/W1975964388","https://openalex.org/W1987855452","https://openalex.org/W2013062353","https://openalex.org/W2031766016","https://openalex.org/W2038505464","https://openalex.org/W2041270581","https://openalex.org/W2050060957","https://openalex.org/W2059432094","https://openalex.org/W2066041759","https://openalex.org/W2081239273","https://openalex.org/W2090380403","https://openalex.org/W2098860138","https://openalex.org/W2141396079","https://openalex.org/W2142442696","https://openalex.org/W2152969209","https://openalex.org/W2264280049","https://openalex.org/W2273721722","https://openalex.org/W2294550615","https://openalex.org/W2324392187","https://openalex.org/W2324464760","https://openalex.org/W2796700885","https://openalex.org/W2966262905","https://openalex.org/W3147894994","https://openalex.org/W3176176669","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055075786","https://openalex.org/W2577794056","https://openalex.org/W2524820204","https://openalex.org/W2474044861","https://openalex.org/W2295030030","https://openalex.org/W2106359593","https://openalex.org/W2389695115","https://openalex.org/W627405880","https://openalex.org/W2101392649","https://openalex.org/W4386981919"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Taking":[0],"into":[1],"account":[2],"the":[3,7,24,54,74,122],"hierarchical":[4,47],"structure":[5,48],"of":[6,19,27,32,49,81,100,124,133],"data,":[8],"through":[9],"two-level":[10],"analysis":[11,44],"on":[12],"infant":[13,33,66,82,105,125],"mortality":[14,34,67,83,106,126],"available":[15],"under":[16,41],"second":[17],"round":[18],"National":[20],"family":[21],"Health":[22],"Survey,":[23],"same":[25],"group":[26],"authors":[28],"recently":[29],"reported":[30,52],"determinants":[31,80],"while":[35],"examining":[36],"possible":[37],"changes":[38],"in":[39,68,84,104,130],"results":[40,94],"traditional":[42],"regression":[43],"that":[45,53,96],"ignores":[46],"data.":[50],"They":[51],"community":[55],"(e.g.,":[56],"state)":[57],"level":[58,89],"characteristics":[59],"still":[60,128],"have":[61],"a":[62],"major":[63],"role":[64],"regarding":[65],"India.":[69],"For":[70],"better":[71],"epidemiological":[72],"understanding,":[73],"present":[75],"study":[76],"is":[77,127],"to":[78],"assess":[79],"rural":[85,131],"India,":[86],"where":[87],"three":[88,139],"considerations":[90],"were":[91],"possible.":[92],"The":[93],"indicate":[95],"even":[97],"after":[98],"consideration":[99],"these":[101],"covariates,":[102],"variation":[103],"remains":[107],"significant":[108],"not":[109],"only":[110],"between":[111,115],"States":[112],"but":[113],"also":[114],"Districts.":[116],"Further,":[117],"as":[118],"an":[119],"additional":[120],"observation,":[121],"probability":[123],"high":[129],"areas":[132],"districts":[134],"having":[135],"health":[136],"facility":[137],"beyond":[138],"kilometers":[140],"than":[141],"their":[142],"counterparts.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}