{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2018748736","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2012.6551347","title":"Photofission for active SNM detection I: Intense pulsed 8MeV bremsstrahlung source","display_name":"Photofission for active SNM detection I: Intense pulsed 8MeV bremsstrahlung source","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2018748736","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2012.6551347","mag":"2018748736"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/nssmic.2012.6551347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2012.6551347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2012.6551347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608255","display_name":"IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)","issn_l":"1095-7863","issn":["1095-7863"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record (NSS/MIC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001443907","display_name":"Cassie Hill","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802201010","display_name":"AWE Nuclear Security Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/02gv4h649","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802201010"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Hill","raw_affiliation_strings":["AWE Public Limited Company, Aldermaston, UK","AWE Plc, Reading, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AWE Public Limited Company, Aldermaston, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802201010"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AWE Plc, Reading, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802201010"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111555757","display_name":"J. O\u2019Malley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802201010","display_name":"AWE Nuclear Security Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/02gv4h649","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802201010"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. O'Malley","raw_affiliation_strings":["AWE plc, Aldermaston, West Berkshire, GB","AWE Plc, Reading, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AWE plc, Aldermaston, West Berkshire, GB","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802201010"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AWE Plc, Reading, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802201010"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086248777","display_name":"M. Ellis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802201010","display_name":"AWE Nuclear Security Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/02gv4h649","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802201010"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Ellis","raw_affiliation_strings":["AWE Public Limited Company, Aldermaston, UK","AWE Plc, Reading, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AWE Public Limited Company, Aldermaston, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802201010"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AWE Plc, Reading, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802201010"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103146964","display_name":"Pritesh Mistry","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802201010","display_name":"AWE Nuclear Security Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/02gv4h649","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802201010"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Mistry","raw_affiliation_strings":["AWE Public Limited Company, Aldermaston, UK","AWE Plc, Reading, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AWE Public Limited Company, Aldermaston, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802201010"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AWE Plc, Reading, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802201010"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002224640","display_name":"Robert C. Maddock","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802201010","display_name":"AWE Nuclear Security Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/02gv4h649","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802201010"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Maddock","raw_affiliation_strings":["AWE Public Limited Company, Aldermaston, UK","AWE Plc, Reading, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AWE Public Limited Company, Aldermaston, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802201010"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AWE Plc, Reading, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802201010"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050222650","display_name":"J. Precious","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802201010","display_name":"AWE Nuclear Security Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/02gv4h649","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802201010"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Precious","raw_affiliation_strings":["AWE Public Limited Company, Aldermaston, UK","AWE Plc, Reading, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AWE Public Limited Company, Aldermaston, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802201010"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AWE Plc, Reading, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802201010"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064111863","display_name":"Jacob C. Zier","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.C. Zier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, DC, USA","Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038998753","display_name":"Stuart L. Jackson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5639-0752","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5639-0752"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.L. Jackson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, DC, USA","Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086694065","display_name":"Anthony L. Hutcheson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0283-9163","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0283-9163"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Hutcheson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, DC, USA","Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075469905","display_name":"Lee J. Mitchell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1016-2145","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1016-2145"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Mitchell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, DC, USA","Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089875829","display_name":"Bernard F. Phlips","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Phlips","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, DC, USA","Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5993,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95995146,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1424","last_page":"1429"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11216","display_name":"Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies","score":0.8978999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11216","display_name":"Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies","score":0.8978999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11949","display_name":"Nuclear Physics and Applications","score":0.08420000225305557,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10597","display_name":"Nuclear reactor physics and engineering","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2104","display_name":"Nuclear Energy and Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photofission","display_name":"photofission","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/special-nuclear-material-detection","display_name":"special nuclear material detection","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depleted-uranium","display_name":"depleted uranium","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3he-neutron-detectors","display_name":"3He neutron detectors","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutron-detection","display_name":"neutron detection","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gamma-ray-detection","display_name":"gamma-ray detection","score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutron-shielding","display_name":"neutron shielding","score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/borated-polyethylene","display_name":"borated polyethylene","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead-shielding","display_name":"lead shielding","score":0.8930000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780570048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187749","display_name":"Photofission","level":4,"score":0.8340258598327637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.7014191150665283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81302155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655904","display_name":"Bremsstrahlung","level":3,"score":0.6180456280708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161694136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910990","display_name":"Scintillator","level":3,"score":0.6175984144210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5346860885620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.5213500261306763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2265751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332007","display_name":"Electromagnetic shielding","level":2,"score":0.5143035650253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148704626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q257415","display_name":"Semiconductor detector","level":3,"score":0.47116953134536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.19509506225585938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/nssmic.2012.6551347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2012.6551347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2012.6551347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608255","display_name":"IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)","issn_l":"1095-7863","issn":["1095-7863"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record (NSS/MIC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023370037","https://openalex.org/W2073244409","https://openalex.org/W2151477310","https://openalex.org/W2544039199","https://openalex.org/W2546228437"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2156538863","https://openalex.org/W562855324","https://openalex.org/W2541076971","https://openalex.org/W2539756299","https://openalex.org/W2030310987","https://openalex.org/W2322017068","https://openalex.org/W2544948571","https://openalex.org/W3193376072","https://openalex.org/W4384404741","https://openalex.org/W2172293790"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"ongoing":[1],"programme":[2],"investigating":[3],"the":[4,16,25,35,129,146,163],"active":[5],"detection":[6,124],"of":[7,32,91,103,111,148,154,169],"special":[8],"nuclear":[9],"material":[10],"(SNM)":[11],"is":[12,160],"being":[13],"undertaken":[14],"by":[15],"Atomic":[17],"Weapons":[18],"Establishment":[19],"(A":[20],"WE)":[21],"in":[22,41,53,60,70,73],"collaboration":[23],"with":[24,162],"Naval":[26],"Research":[27],"Laboratory":[28],"(NRL).":[29],"As":[30],"part":[31],"this":[33],"programme,":[34],"NRL":[36],"Mercury":[37],"IVA":[38],"was":[39,55,120,125],"operated":[40],"negative":[42],"polarity":[43],"mode":[44],"to":[45,57,128,144,165],"produce":[46],"an":[47],"8MeV":[48],"endpoint":[49],"bremsstrahlung":[50],"spectrum,":[51],"which":[52,74],"turn":[54],"used":[56],"induce":[58],"photofission":[59],"a":[61,101,167],"depleted":[62],"uranium":[63],"(DU)":[64],"sample.":[65],"Twenty-six":[66],"experiments":[67],"were":[68,77],"fielded":[69],"March":[71],"2011":[72],"twenty-seven":[75],"detectors":[76,105],"fielded,":[78],"including3He":[79],"tubes,":[80],"NaI":[81],"detectors,":[82,89],"liquid":[83],"scintillators":[84],"and":[85,96,114,122,142,175],"high":[86],"purity":[87],"germanium":[88],"capable":[90],"detecting":[92],"both":[93],"gamma":[94],"radiation":[95],"neutrons.":[97],"The":[98,158],"results":[99],"from":[100],"selection":[102],"those":[104],"are":[106],"discussed":[107],"here.":[108],"A":[109,134],"variety":[110],"high-Z":[112],"(lead)":[113],"hydrogenous":[115],"(borated":[116],"polyethylene)":[117],"shielding":[118,131],"configurations":[119],"employed":[121],"positive":[123],"made":[126],"up":[127],"maximum":[130],"tested,":[132],"75g/cm2.":[133],"detailed":[135],"source":[136],"has":[137],"been":[138],"modelled":[139],"using":[140],"MCNPX":[141],"MCNP6":[143],"predict":[145],"number":[147],"(n,p)":[149],"detector":[150],"events":[151],"within":[152,166],"four":[153],"the3He":[155],"tubes":[156],"fielded.":[157],"modelling":[159],"consistent":[161],"experiment":[164],"factor":[168],"two,":[170],"when":[171],"integrating":[172],"between":[173],"0.1":[174],"20s.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-26T11:51:55.731654","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
