{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2018651316","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.750110303","title":"The response of fibrous composites to impact loading","display_name":"The response of fibrous composites to impact loading","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2018651316","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.750110303","mag":"2018651316"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/pc.750110303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.750110303","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.750110303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156806727","display_name":"Polymer Composites","issn_l":"0272-8397","issn":["0272-8397","1548-0569"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Polymer Composites","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103465962","display_name":"B. Z. Jang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"B. Z. Jang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Materials Engineering Program, Auburn University, Alabama 36849"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Materials Engineering Program, Auburn University, Alabama 36849","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078115382","display_name":"L. C. Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8010-136X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8010-136X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. C. Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Materials Engineering Program, Auburn University, Alabama 36849"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Materials Engineering Program, Auburn University, Alabama 36849","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110215589","display_name":"L. R. Hwang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. R. Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Materials Engineering Program, Auburn University, Alabama 36849"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Materials Engineering Program, Auburn University, Alabama 36849","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082415305","display_name":"J. E. Hawkes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. E. Hawkes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Materials Engineering Program, Auburn University, Alabama 36849"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Materials Engineering Program, Auburn University, Alabama 36849","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113740317","display_name":"Ralph H. Zee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. H. Zee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Materials Engineering Program, Auburn University, Alabama 36849"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Materials Engineering Program, Auburn University, Alabama 36849","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103465962"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"],"apc_list":{"value":4480,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4480},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8492,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":89,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89378395,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"3","first_page":"144","last_page":"157"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10219","display_name":"Mechanical Behavior of Composites","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10219","display_name":"Mechanical Behavior of Composites","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11699","display_name":"High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior","score":0.0035000001080334187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10707","display_name":"Cellular and Composite Structures","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fibrous-composites","display_name":"fibrous composites","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impact-loading","display_name":"impact loading","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impact-failure-mechanisms","display_name":"impact failure mechanisms","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyethylene-fibers","display_name":"polyethylene fibers","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-fiber","display_name":"carbon fiber","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nylon-fibers","display_name":"nylon fibers","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delamination","display_name":"delamination","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plastic-deformation","display_name":"plastic deformation","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-absorption","display_name":"energy absorption","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stacking-sequence","display_name":"stacking sequence","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-laminates","display_name":"hybrid laminates","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/penetration-resistance","display_name":"penetration resistance","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustic-emission-monitoring","display_name":"acoustic emission monitoring","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indentation-test","display_name":"indentation testing","score":0.6880000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.9262323975563049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.8955980539321899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80107235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162625","display_name":"Penetration (warfare)","level":2,"score":0.6218470931053162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49304495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49393","display_name":"Projectile","level":2,"score":0.5978172421455383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99595764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486802","display_name":"Toughness","level":2,"score":0.5970435738563538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102267420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120206","display_name":"Izod impact strength test","level":3,"score":0.5229307413101196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30239060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5253111","display_name":"Delamination (geology)","level":4,"score":0.5013701915740967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.5000414848327637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.4647459387779236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780902562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154141","display_name":"Indentation","level":2,"score":0.455890953540802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776512210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5311608","display_name":"Ductility (Earth science)","level":3,"score":0.4538598358631134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204366326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027650","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.415590763092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.3049246668815613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149912024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q462188","display_name":"Creep","level":2,"score":0.12202182412147522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77928131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193343","display_name":"Tectonics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58097730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176318","display_name":"Subduction","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/pc.750110303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.750110303","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.750110303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156806727","display_name":"Polymer Composites","issn_l":"0272-8397","issn":["0272-8397","1548-0569"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Polymer Composites","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W21287346","https://openalex.org/W28471460","https://openalex.org/W58614826","https://openalex.org/W230508978","https://openalex.org/W234603551","https://openalex.org/W240261992","https://openalex.org/W260412543","https://openalex.org/W273326102","https://openalex.org/W292560190","https://openalex.org/W298824219","https://openalex.org/W310336619","https://openalex.org/W342945083","https://openalex.org/W386672538","https://openalex.org/W597924140","https://openalex.org/W828439392","https://openalex.org/W868850335","https://openalex.org/W1497822152","https://openalex.org/W1545291871","https://openalex.org/W1552259195","https://openalex.org/W1891707932","https://openalex.org/W1982294538","https://openalex.org/W1985152599","https://openalex.org/W1989693962","https://openalex.org/W2013019381","https://openalex.org/W2019858576","https://openalex.org/W2029655084","https://openalex.org/W2075523836","https://openalex.org/W2082191098","https://openalex.org/W2098957778","https://openalex.org/W2113167009","https://openalex.org/W2499165851","https://openalex.org/W4251270137","https://openalex.org/W4251768436"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009628761","https://openalex.org/W2130356220","https://openalex.org/W2068813302","https://openalex.org/W1973475495","https://openalex.org/W3109061714","https://openalex.org/W2059321016","https://openalex.org/W2987154150","https://openalex.org/W2128186598","https://openalex.org/W2980489317","https://openalex.org/W2343306742"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,12,48,180,213,226],"response":[2],"of":[3,16,31,102,108,118,126,144,160,177,201,216],"advanced":[4],"composites":[5,17,49,93,217],"to":[6,70,113,122,190,219],"low\u2010velocity":[7],"projectile":[8],"loading":[9],"was":[10,133],"investigated.":[11],"impact":[13,38,66,90,128],"failure":[14],"mechanisms":[15,111],"containing":[18,50,72,94,139],"various":[19],"fibers":[20,51,73,96],"with":[21,52,74],"different":[22],"strength":[23,55,76],"and":[24,43,56,105,154,204],"ductility":[25,58,82],"were":[26,188],"studied":[27,187],"by":[28,222],"a":[29,64,99,115,192,233],"combination":[30],"static":[32],"indentation":[33],"testing,":[34,39],"instrumented":[35],"falling":[36],"dart":[37],"acoustic":[40],"emission":[41],"monitoring,":[42],"scanning":[44],"electron":[45],"microscopy":[46],"(SEM).":[47],"both":[53],"high":[54,57,75,81,152],"(eg.,":[59,77,83],"polyethylene":[60],"(PE)":[61],"fibers)":[62,79,85],"demonstrate":[63],"superior":[65],"resistance":[67,215],"as":[68],"compared":[69],"those":[71],"graphite":[78],"or":[80,197],"nylon":[84],"but":[86],"not":[87],"both.":[88],"Upon":[89],"loading,":[91],"the":[92,123,127,137,178,184,199,223],"PE":[95,145],"usually":[97],"exhibited":[98],"great":[100],"degree":[101],"plastic":[103,171,202],"deformation":[104,172,203],"some":[106],"level":[107],"delamination.":[109],"These":[110],"acted":[112],"dissipate":[114],"significant":[116],"amount":[117],"strain":[119],"energy":[120,210],"prior":[121],"penetration":[124,132,176,214],"phase":[125],"process.":[129],"No":[130],"through":[131],"observed":[134],"in":[135,165,183,195,232],"all":[136],"samples":[138],"more":[140],"than":[141],"three":[142],"layers":[143],"fabric":[146],"except":[147],"when":[148],"loaded":[149],"at":[150],"relatively":[151],"rates":[153],"low":[155],"temperatures.":[156],"Although":[157],"certain":[158],"levels":[159],"delamination":[161,205],"also":[162],"took":[163],"place":[164],"other":[166],"composite":[167],"systems,":[168],"very":[169],"little":[170],"occurred,":[173],"allowing":[174],"ready":[175],"projectile.":[179],"stacking":[181],"sequences":[182],"hybrid":[185],"laminates":[186],"found":[189],"play":[191],"critical":[193],"role":[194],"triggering":[196],"inhibiting":[198],"processes":[200],"and,":[206],"therefore,":[207],"controlling":[208],"their":[209],"absorption":[211],"capability.":[212],"appeared":[218],"be":[220,230],"dictated":[221],"fiber":[224],"toughness.":[225],"later":[227],"property":[228],"must":[229],"measured":[231],"simulated":[234],"high\u2010rate":[235],"condition.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
