{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2018578564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0508-3443/12/11/303","title":"Some problems in the development of a commercial thermoelectric refrigerator","display_name":"Some problems in the development of a commercial thermoelectric refrigerator","publication_year":1961,"publication_date":"1961-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2018578564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0508-3443/12/11/303","mag":"2018578564"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/0508-3443/12/11/303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0508-3443/12/11/303","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0508-3443/12/11/303","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0508-3443/12/11/303/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156194824","display_name":"British Journal of Applied Physics","issn_l":"0508-3443","issn":["0508-3443","2057-7656"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Applied Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0508-3443/12/11/303/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039986634","display_name":"T.B. Burnett","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T B Burnett","raw_affiliation_strings":["The English Electric Co. Ltd., Nelson Research Laboratories, Stafford"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The English Electric Co. Ltd., Nelson Research Laboratories, Stafford","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073135906","display_name":"H.O. Lorch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H O Lorch","raw_affiliation_strings":["The English Electric Co. Ltd., Nelson Research Laboratories, Stafford"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The English Electric Co. Ltd., Nelson Research Laboratories, Stafford","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011453302","display_name":"J.E. Thompson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0048-7886","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0048-7886"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J E Thompson","raw_affiliation_strings":["The English Electric Co. Ltd., Nelson Research Laboratories, Stafford"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The English Electric Co. Ltd., Nelson Research Laboratories, Stafford","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"11","first_page":"595","last_page":"602"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10440","display_name":"Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10440","display_name":"Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12139","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamic Systems and Engines","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10998","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermoelectric-refrigerator","display_name":"thermoelectric refrigerator","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermoelectric-junctions","display_name":"thermoelectric junctions","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-contacts","display_name":"electrical contacts","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-contact","display_name":"thermal contact","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooling-fins","display_name":"cooling fins","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-balance-equation","display_name":"heat balance equation","score":0.9580000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125557594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1796972","display_name":"Refrigerator car","level":2,"score":0.9233495593070984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128458982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18891486","display_name":"Thermoelectric cooling","level":3,"score":0.8103313446044922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63024428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552456","display_name":"Thermoelectric effect","level":2,"score":0.7727077603340149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117127486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11569191","display_name":"Thermoelectric generator","level":3,"score":0.5272283554077148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5002436637878418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137693562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899628","display_name":"Thermal resistance","level":3,"score":0.4876798391342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.4863053262233734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142014798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7783037","display_name":"Thermal contact","level":3,"score":0.471609890460968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4434964060783386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122637931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118084","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","level":2,"score":0.43787163496017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207365445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15020929","display_name":"Thermoelectric materials","level":3,"score":0.4177309274673462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.3522816300392151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.295875608921051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16277694702148438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11503711342811584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11139750480651855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/0508-3443/12/11/303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0508-3443/12/11/303","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0508-3443/12/11/303","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0508-3443/12/11/303/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156194824","display_name":"British Journal of Applied Physics","issn_l":"0508-3443","issn":["0508-3443","2057-7656"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Applied Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/0508-3443/12/11/303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0508-3443/12/11/303","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0508-3443/12/11/303","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0508-3443/12/11/303/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156194824","display_name":"British Journal of Applied Physics","issn_l":"0508-3443","issn":["0508-3443","2057-7656"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Applied Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2018578564.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2018578564.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981951807","https://openalex.org/W1988530330","https://openalex.org/W2334309879"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2082959659","https://openalex.org/W2071241353","https://openalex.org/W3157632073","https://openalex.org/W53417559","https://openalex.org/W1553028085","https://openalex.org/W2163581879","https://openalex.org/W2051266313","https://openalex.org/W4233850997","https://openalex.org/W2248896529","https://openalex.org/W2737528261"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Two":[0],"basic":[1],"problems":[2],"in":[3],"the":[4,11,19,23,26,35,42,50,60,76,82,90,106,111,116],"development":[5],"of":[6,13,18,25,34,85,88,113,115],"a":[7,14,100],"thermoelectric":[8,20,36],"refrigerator":[9,28,101],"are":[10,93,102],"construction":[12],"cooling":[15,51,91,107],"unit,":[16],"consisting":[17],"junctions,":[21],"and":[22,53,62,81,110],"optimization":[24,114],"complete":[27],"design":[29,117],"to":[30,44,54],"make":[31],"best":[32],"use":[33],"material.":[37],"It":[38],"is":[39,79,118],"essential":[40],"for":[41,74,99],"unit":[43,92],"achieve":[45],"good":[46,56],"thermal":[47],"contact":[48,58],"with":[49],"chamber":[52],"have":[55],"electrical":[57],"across":[59],"p":[61],"n":[63],"semiconductor":[64],"bars":[65],"forming":[66,89],"each":[67],"junction.":[68],"A":[69],"simple":[70],"but":[71],"accurate":[72],"method":[73,112],"measuring":[75],"junction":[77],"resistance":[78],"shown,":[80],"relative":[83],"merits":[84],"various":[86],"methods":[87],"discussed.":[94],"The":[95],"heat":[96],"balance":[97],"equations":[98],"given":[103],"which":[104],"include":[105],"fin":[108],"system,":[109],"noted.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
