{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2018484283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1753112","title":"Impact of resolution and noise characteristics of digital radiographic detectors on the detectability of lung nodules","display_name":"Impact of resolution and noise characteristics of digital radiographic detectors on the detectability of lung nodules","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-05-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2018484283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1753112","mag":"2018484283","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15259665"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1118/1.1753112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1753112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1753112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95522064","display_name":"Medical Physics","issn_l":"0094-2405","issn":["0094-2405","1522-8541","2473-4209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Robert S. Saunders","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert S. Saunders","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA. saunders@phy.duke.edu","Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA. saunders@phy.duke.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021555712","display_name":"Ehsan Samei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7451-3309","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7451-3309"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehsan Samei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina\u200927710"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina\u200927710","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067925173","display_name":"Christoph Hoeschen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4240-1107","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4240-1107"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95793202","display_name":"Otto-von-Guericke-Universit\u00e4t Magdeburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00ggpsq73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Hoeschen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department for Diagnostic Radiology, Otto\u2010von\u2010Guericke\u2010University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany\u200939120"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department for Diagnostic Radiology, Otto\u2010von\u2010Guericke\u2010University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany\u200939120","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3360,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3360},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0808,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87248018,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"6","first_page":"1603","last_page":"1613"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11361","display_name":"Digital Radiography and Breast Imaging","score":0.8363999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11361","display_name":"Digital Radiography and Breast Imaging","score":0.8363999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10844","display_name":"Radiation Dose and Imaging","score":0.07400000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.01940000057220459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulmonary-nodule-detection","display_name":"lung nodule detection","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"image resolution","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-noise","display_name":"image noise","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observer-performance","display_name":"observer performance","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chest-x-ray","display_name":"chest radiography","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality-metrics","display_name":"image quality metrics","score":0.6830000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.767614483833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781305912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1225030","display_name":"Digital radiography","level":3,"score":0.6063743829727173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36454342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245341","display_name":"Radiography","level":2,"score":0.6026920080184937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.5997520685195923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.5490749478340149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94898600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241433","display_name":"Flat panel detector","level":3,"score":0.5344957709312439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.5272844433784485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.5241023302078247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.47691604495048523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776731575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916245","display_name":"Nodule (geology)","level":2,"score":0.47050923109054565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.39046791195869446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.38937443494796753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.33194252848625183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.3316541314125061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25447747111320496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23522880673408508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22626179456710815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1121830940246582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.06647986173629761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001703","descriptor_name":"Biophysics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001703","descriptor_name":"Biophysics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001703","descriptor_name":"Biophysics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002586","descriptor_name":"Cesium","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002586","descriptor_name":"Cesium","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002586","descriptor_name":"Cesium","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007454","descriptor_name":"Iodides","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007454","descriptor_name":"Iodides","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007454","descriptor_name":"Iodides","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011856","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011856","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011856","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012643","descriptor_name":"Selenium","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012643","descriptor_name":"Selenium","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012643","descriptor_name":"Selenium","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055592","descriptor_name":"Biophysical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055592","descriptor_name":"Biophysical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055592","descriptor_name":"Biophysical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1118/1.1753112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1753112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1753112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95522064","display_name":"Medical Physics","issn_l":"0094-2405","issn":["0094-2405","1522-8541","2473-4209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15259665","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15259665","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical physics","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5683000087738037}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2283485402","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R21 CA91806","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6283763837","display_name":"Early Detection of Lung Cancer via Bi Plane Correlation","funder_award_id":"5r21ca091806-02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W205918549","https://openalex.org/W1515026043","https://openalex.org/W1968336458","https://openalex.org/W1970605998","https://openalex.org/W1971864327","https://openalex.org/W1973132343","https://openalex.org/W1974734909","https://openalex.org/W1975487232","https://openalex.org/W1993586666","https://openalex.org/W1995227071","https://openalex.org/W1996077072","https://openalex.org/W2007932953","https://openalex.org/W2008578237","https://openalex.org/W2026828469","https://openalex.org/W2026832899","https://openalex.org/W2036431351","https://openalex.org/W2040104402","https://openalex.org/W2046877085","https://openalex.org/W2049242398","https://openalex.org/W2050849510","https://openalex.org/W2064632438","https://openalex.org/W2067928822","https://openalex.org/W2069401973","https://openalex.org/W2084817552","https://openalex.org/W2087353466","https://openalex.org/W2088082591","https://openalex.org/W2102620107","https://openalex.org/W2110569141","https://openalex.org/W2123374810","https://openalex.org/W2330948496","https://openalex.org/W2489746302"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2350753166","https://openalex.org/W2371904546","https://openalex.org/W3180795655","https://openalex.org/W2164609417","https://openalex.org/W2331078004","https://openalex.org/W2368430365","https://openalex.org/W2380090588","https://openalex.org/W2132485920","https://openalex.org/W2371462370","https://openalex.org/W2233942270"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"of":[1,27,37,78,164,195,202],"the":[2,9,25,35,79,122,127,143,149,153,172,187,191,196,208,217],"unanswered":[3],"questions":[4],"in":[5,39,108,118],"digital":[6,45],"radiography":[7],"is":[8],"connection":[10],"between":[11,174],"physical":[12,29],"image":[13,56],"quality":[14],"metrics":[15],"and":[16,32,66,76,91,114],"clinical":[17],"detection":[18,49],"performance.":[19],"In":[20],"this":[21],"paper,":[22],"we":[23],"examine":[24],"impact":[26],"two":[28],"metrics,":[30],"resolution":[31,75,193],"noise,":[33],"on":[34,53],"detectability":[36,201],"nodules":[38,205],"a":[40,54,62,89,92],"pulmonary":[41],"background":[42],"for":[43,148,157,186],"specific":[44],"radiographic":[46],"detectors.":[47],"A":[48,100],"experiment":[50,105,129],"was":[51,106,146,176],"performed":[52,107],"simulated":[55,69],"set":[57],"using":[58,84],"anatomical":[59],"backgrounds":[60],"from":[61,126],"high-quality":[63],"lung":[64,204],"radiograph":[65],"three":[67,115],"different":[68],"nodule":[70,159,168],"sizes":[71,160],"(2-3.5":[72],"mm).":[73],"The":[74,124,138,182],"noise":[77,212],"resulting":[80],"images":[81,209,214],"were":[82,130],"modified":[83],"existing":[85],"routines":[86],"to":[87],"simulate":[88],"selenium-based":[90,197],"cesium":[93,154,218],"iodide-based":[94],"flat-panel":[95],"detector":[96,151,156,198],"at":[97],"comparable":[98],"exposures.":[99],"location-known-exactly":[101],"(LKE)":[102],"observer":[103,128],"performance":[104,194],"which":[109],"four":[110],"experienced":[111],"chest":[112,119],"radiologists":[113],"physicists":[116],"specializing":[117],"radiology":[120],"scored":[121],"images.":[123],"data":[125],"analyzed":[131],"by":[132,142,161],"receiver":[133],"operating":[134],"characteristic":[135],"(ROC)":[136],"methodology.":[137],"detectability,":[139],"as":[140],"measured":[141],"parameter":[144],"Az,":[145],"higher":[147],"selenium":[150],"than":[152,213],"iodide":[155,219],"all":[158],"an":[162],"average":[163],"8.5%.":[165],"For":[166],"one":[167],"size":[169],"(2.75":[170],"mm),":[171],"difference":[173],"detectors":[175],"statistically":[177],"significant":[178],"(p":[179],"<":[180],"0.01).":[181],"findings":[183],"indicate":[184],"that":[185],"particular":[188],"task":[189],"studied,":[190],"superior":[192],"provided":[199],"better":[200],"subtle":[203],"even":[206],"though":[207],"had":[210],"greater":[211],"obtained":[215],"with":[216],"detector.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}