{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2018483384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-9-397","title":"Examination of polymorphic glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes, tobacco smoking and prostate cancer risk among Men of African Descent: A case-control study","display_name":"Examination of polymorphic glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes, tobacco smoking and prostate cancer risk among Men of African Descent: A case-control study","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-11-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2018483384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-9-397","mag":"2018483384","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19917083","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2783040"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2407-9-397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-9-397","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-9-397","pdf_url":"https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2407-9-397","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192926780","display_name":"BMC Cancer","issn_l":"1471-2407","issn":["1471-2407"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Cancer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2407-9-397","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109936330","display_name":"Nicole Lavender","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicole A Lavender","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville (UofL), School of Medicine, 500 South Preston Street, Room 1319 Research Tower, UofL Health Science Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA. nalave01@louisville.edu","Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville (UofL), School of Medicine, 500 South Preston Street, Room 1319 Research Tower, UofL Health Science Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville (UofL), School of Medicine, 500 South Preston Street, Room 1319 Research Tower, UofL Health Science Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA. nalave01@louisville.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville (UofL), School of Medicine, 500 South Preston Street, Room 1319 Research Tower, UofL Health Science Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051739184","display_name":"Marnita L. Benford","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marnita L Benford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville (UofL), School of Medicine, 500 South Preston Street, Room 1319 Research Tower, UofL Health Science Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA","James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Cancer Prevention & Control Program, UofL, 529 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville (UofL), School of Medicine, 500 South Preston Street, Room 1319 Research Tower, UofL Health Science Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Cancer Prevention & Control Program, UofL, 529 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017698662","display_name":"Tiva T. VanCleave","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiva T VanCleave","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville (UofL), School of Medicine, 500 South Preston Street, Room 1319 Research Tower, UofL Health Science Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA","James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Cancer Prevention & Control Program, UofL, 529 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville (UofL), School of Medicine, 500 South Preston Street, Room 1319 Research Tower, UofL Health Science Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Cancer Prevention & Control Program, UofL, 529 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035224040","display_name":"Guy Nathaniel Brock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5317-079X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5317-079X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guy N Brock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Environmental Genomics and Integrative Biology, UofL, Delia B. Baxter Biomedical Research Building, Suite 221, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, USA","Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, UofL School of Medicine, Delia B. Baxter Biomedical Research Building, Suite 221, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, USA","Department of Bioinformatics & Biostatistics, UofL School of Public Health and Information Sciences, 485 East Gray Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA","James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Cancer Prevention & Control Program, UofL, 529 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Environmental Genomics and Integrative Biology, UofL, Delia B. Baxter Biomedical Research Building, Suite 221, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, UofL School of Medicine, Delia B. Baxter Biomedical Research Building, Suite 221, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioinformatics & Biostatistics, UofL School of Public Health and Information Sciences, 485 East Gray Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Cancer Prevention & Control Program, UofL, 529 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086653676","display_name":"Rick A. Kittles","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5004-4437","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5004-4437"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rick A Kittles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, MC Chicago, Illinois, 606037, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, MC Chicago, Illinois, 606037, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032971510","display_name":"Jason H. Moore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5015-1099","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5015-1099"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289422878","display_name":"Dartmouth\u2013Hitchcock Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00d1dhh09","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454","https://openalex.org/I1289422878","https://openalex.org/I4390039337"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason H Moore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dartmouth -Hitchcock Medical Center, Dartmouth Medical School, 706 Rubin Building, HB 7937 One, Medical Center Drive, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth -Hitchcock Medical Center, Dartmouth Medical School, 706 Rubin Building, HB 7937 One, Medical Center Drive, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289422878"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086028523","display_name":"David W. Hein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3261-9775","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3261-9775"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David W Hein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Environmental Genomics and Integrative Biology, UofL, Delia B. Baxter Biomedical Research Building, Suite 221, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, USA","Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, UofL School of Medicine, Delia B. Baxter Biomedical Research Building, Suite 221, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, USA","Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville (UofL), School of Medicine, 500 South Preston Street, Room 1319 Research Tower, UofL Health Science Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA","James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Cancer Prevention & Control Program, UofL, 529 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Environmental Genomics and Integrative Biology, UofL, Delia B. Baxter Biomedical Research Building, Suite 221, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, UofL School of Medicine, Delia B. Baxter Biomedical Research Building, Suite 221, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville (UofL), School of Medicine, 500 South Preston Street, Room 1319 Research Tower, UofL Health Science Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Cancer Prevention & Control Program, UofL, 529 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041773395","display_name":"LaCreis Renee Kidd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7670-1802","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7670-1802"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"La Creis R Kidd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UofL School of Public Health and Information Sciences, 485 East Gray Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA","Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville (UofL), School of Medicine, 500 South Preston Street, Room 1319 Research Tower, UofL Health Science Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA","James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Cancer Prevention & Control Program, UofL, 529 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UofL School of Public Health and Information Sciences, 485 East Gray Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville (UofL), School of Medicine, 500 South Preston Street, Room 1319 Research Tower, UofL Health Science Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Cancer Prevention & Control Program, UofL, 529 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041773395"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"],"apc_list":{"value":3390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3390},"apc_paid":{"value":3390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3390},"fwci":2.0152,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85621743,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"397","last_page":"397"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12187","display_name":"Glutathione Transferases and Polymorphisms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12187","display_name":"Glutathione Transferases and Polymorphisms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10375","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prostate-cancer-risk","display_name":"prostate cancer risk","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutathione-s-transferase-polymorphisms","display_name":"glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gstm1","display_name":"GSTM1","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gstt1","display_name":"GSTT1","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking","display_name":"smoking","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-environment-interaction","display_name":"gene-environment interaction","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-susceptibility","display_name":"genetic susceptibility","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multifactor-dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"multifactor dimensionality reduction","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tobacco-smoke-carcinogens","display_name":"tobacco smoke carcinogens","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detoxification-genes","display_name":"detoxification genes","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gstm1-null-genotype","display_name":"GSTM1 null genotype","score":0.3149999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780122483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18026593","display_name":"GSTP1","level":4,"score":0.7759304642677307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776907368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q307302","display_name":"Glutathione S-transferase","level":4,"score":0.6690724492073059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25249476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934678","display_name":"Multifactor dimensionality reduction","level":5,"score":0.6560772657394409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780192828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181257","display_name":"Prostate cancer","level":3,"score":0.6303521394729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180754005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80726","display_name":"Allele","level":3,"score":0.5723243355751038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.5154320001602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5008678436279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.45763376355171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.44023987650871277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.4307304620742798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4065060019493103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C538909803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116907","display_name":"Glutathione","level":3,"score":0.4061130881309509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.34128978848457336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.33226728439331055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.3270843029022217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153209595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501128","display_name":"Single-nucleotide polymorphism","level":4,"score":0.21026131510734558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.12184840440750122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.08979222178459167}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005982","descriptor_name":"Glutathione Transferase","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005982","descriptor_name":"Glutathione Transferase","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005982","descriptor_name":"Glutathione Transferase","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011471","descriptor_name":"Prostatic Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011471","descriptor_name":"Prostatic Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011471","descriptor_name":"Prostatic Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016133","descriptor_name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016133","descriptor_name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016133","descriptor_name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017430","descriptor_name":"Prostate-Specific Antigen","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017430","descriptor_name":"Prostate-Specific Antigen","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017430","descriptor_name":"Prostate-Specific Antigen","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020022","descriptor_name":"Genetic Predisposition to Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020022","descriptor_name":"Genetic Predisposition to Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020022","descriptor_name":"Genetic Predisposition to Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2407-9-397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-9-397","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-9-397","pdf_url":"https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2407-9-397","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192926780","display_name":"BMC Cancer","issn_l":"1471-2407","issn":["1471-2407"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Cancer","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2783040","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2783040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Cancer","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:19917083","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19917083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC cancer","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b0c3d226f11d435fba6558dd8b47c9ac","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b0c3d226f11d435fba6558dd8b47c9ac","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Cancer, Vol 9, Iss 1, p 397 (2009)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2407-9-397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-9-397","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-9-397","pdf_url":"https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2407-9-397","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192926780","display_name":"BMC Cancer","issn_l":"1471-2407","issn":["1471-2407"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Cancer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1548621213","display_name":"A Pharmacogenetic approach to prostate cancer susceptibility","funder_award_id":"R03CA128028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2992406739","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ES 014443","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G317868384","display_name":"Center for Environmental Genomics and Integrative Biology","funder_award_id":"P30ES014443","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3410139233","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ES011564","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6369716774","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics of drug and carcinogen metabolism","funder_award_id":"R01CA034627","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000895881","display_name":"UOFL ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES TRAINING PROGRAM","funder_award_id":"T32ES011564","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00j4k1h63"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2018483384.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2018483384.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W172019652","https://openalex.org/W201814296","https://openalex.org/W1484097459","https://openalex.org/W1491720019","https://openalex.org/W1494281102","https://openalex.org/W1501603134","https://openalex.org/W1599154571","https://openalex.org/W1939729577","https://openalex.org/W1973784926","https://openalex.org/W1973903617","https://openalex.org/W1974960352","https://openalex.org/W1976346227","https://openalex.org/W1993405176","https://openalex.org/W1995584424","https://openalex.org/W2006633852","https://openalex.org/W2015919098","https://openalex.org/W2023030757","https://openalex.org/W2026716336","https://openalex.org/W2032367098","https://openalex.org/W2036633891","https://openalex.org/W2039412495","https://openalex.org/W2039569210","https://openalex.org/W2040368176","https://openalex.org/W2040474332","https://openalex.org/W2061579412","https://openalex.org/W2064117760","https://openalex.org/W2066522451","https://openalex.org/W2067303354","https://openalex.org/W2081046784","https://openalex.org/W2083944388","https://openalex.org/W2090874882","https://openalex.org/W2091341519","https://openalex.org/W2092242709","https://openalex.org/W2094485366","https://openalex.org/W2094907095","https://openalex.org/W2106759295","https://openalex.org/W2109142047","https://openalex.org/W2112710602","https://openalex.org/W2119036591","https://openalex.org/W2127117028","https://openalex.org/W2129631700","https://openalex.org/W2131878646","https://openalex.org/W2132886980","https://openalex.org/W2136130512","https://openalex.org/W2142927241","https://openalex.org/W2156039362","https://openalex.org/W2159474031","https://openalex.org/W2159932722","https://openalex.org/W2162872215","https://openalex.org/W2164652278","https://openalex.org/W2186264475","https://openalex.org/W2188604171","https://openalex.org/W2276327506","https://openalex.org/W2417941613"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013423075","https://openalex.org/W1973903617","https://openalex.org/W2162872215","https://openalex.org/W2325354718","https://openalex.org/W1973215993","https://openalex.org/W2188604171","https://openalex.org/W2083542097","https://openalex.org/W2159474031","https://openalex.org/W7097169383","https://openalex.org/W2066522451"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Polymorphisms":[1],"in":[2,30,60,101,358,419],"glutathione":[3],"S-transferase":[4],"(GST)":[5],"genes":[6,49],"may":[7,39,50],"influence":[8,51],"response":[9],"to":[10,41,56,67,94,103,146,297,410,421],"oxidative":[11,36],"stress":[12],"and":[13,24,33,63,80,83,120,128,141,151,157,164,229,259,307,321,333,368,406,412,416],"modify":[14,314],"prostate":[15],"cancer":[16,422],"(PCA)":[17],"susceptibility.":[18,90,423],"These":[19],"enzymes":[20],"generally":[21],"detoxify":[22,68],"endogenous":[23],"exogenous":[25],"agents,":[26],"but":[27],"also":[28,353],"participate":[29],"the":[31,65,73,96,149,247,254,267,273,281,286,315,318,365,387,398],"activation":[32],"inactivation":[34],"of":[35,75,98,137,155,266,349,400,404],"metabolites":[37],"that":[38,272],"contribute":[40],"PCA":[42,52,89,104,168,241,331,359,393],"development.":[43],"Genetic":[44,131],"variations":[45],"within":[46],"selected":[47,252],"GST":[48,99,319],"risk":[53,178,242,332,360],"following":[54],"exposure":[55],"carcinogen":[57],"compounds":[58],"found":[59],"cigarette":[61,86,165],"smoke":[62],"decreased":[64],"ability":[66],"them.":[69],"Thus,":[70],"we":[71,106],"evaluated":[72],"effects":[74,97,154,217],"polymorphic":[76],"GSTs":[77],"(M1,":[78],"T1,":[79],"P1)":[81],"alone":[82,300],"combined":[84],"with":[85,113,362],"smoking":[87,166],"on":[88,167,240,302],"METHODS:":[91],"In":[92],"order":[93],"evaluate":[95,148],"polymorphisms":[100],"relation":[102,420],"risk,":[105],"used":[107],"TaqMan":[108],"allelic":[109],"discrimination":[110],"assays":[111],"along":[112],"a":[114,173,303,355,402],"multi-faceted":[115],"statistical":[116,122,408],"strategy":[117],"involving":[118],"conventional":[119],"advanced":[121,407],"methodologies":[123],"(e.g.,":[124],"Multifactor":[125],"Dimensionality":[126],"Reduction":[127],"Interaction":[129],"Graphs).":[130],"profiles":[132],"collected":[133],"from":[134],"873":[135],"men":[136,180,334,348,363],"African-descent":[138],"(208":[139],"cases":[140],"665":[142],"controls)":[143],"were":[144],"utilized":[145],"systematically":[147],"single":[150,215,389,414],"joint":[152],"modifying":[153],"GSTM1":[156,219,369],"GSTT1":[158,230],"gene":[159,216,415],"deletions,":[160],"GSTP1":[161,186,282,340,366,380],"105":[162,187,341,381],"Val":[163,188,283,342,382],"risk.":[169,394],"RESULTS:":[170],"We":[171,209,352],"observed":[172,274,329,354],"moderately":[174,325],"significant":[175,214,326],"association":[176,327],"between":[177,317,330],"among":[179,218,243,347],"possessing":[181,335,364],"at":[182,336],"least":[183,337],"one":[184,338],"variant":[185,339],"allele":[189,343],"(OR":[190,220,231],"=":[191,194,197,207,221,224,227,232,235,238,263,345,384],"1.56;":[192],"95%CI":[193,223,234],"0.95-2.58;":[195],"p":[196,226,237],"0.049),":[198],"which":[199],"was":[200,251,277,328],"confirmed":[201],"by":[202,280],"MDR":[203,260,374],"permutation":[204],"testing":[205],"(p":[206,262,344,383],"0.001).":[208],"did":[210,289,311],"not":[211,290,312],"observe":[212],"any":[213],"1.08;":[222],"0.65-1.82;":[225],"0.718)":[228],"1.15;":[233],"0.66-2.02;":[236],"0.622)":[239],"all":[244],"subjects.":[245],"Although":[246],"GSTM1-GSTP1":[248,287],"pairwise":[249],"combination":[250,403],"as":[253,386],"best":[255,388],"two":[256],"factor":[257,390],"LR":[258],"models":[261],"0.01),":[264],"assessment":[265],"hierarchical":[268,304],"entropy":[269,305],"graph":[270],"suggested":[271],"synergistic":[275],"effect":[276],"primarily":[278],"driven":[279],"marker.":[284],"Notably,":[285],"axis":[288],"provide":[291],"additional":[292],"information":[293],"gain":[294],"when":[295],"compared":[296],"either":[298],"loci":[299],"based":[301],"algorithm":[306],"graph.":[308],"Smoking":[309],"status":[310],"significantly":[313],"relationship":[316],"SNPs":[320],"PCA.":[322],"CONCLUSION:":[323],"A":[324],"0.049)":[346],"African":[350],"descent.":[351],"2.1-fold":[356],"increase":[357],"associated":[361],"(Val/Val)":[367],"(*1/*1":[370],"+":[371],"*1/*0)":[372],"alleles.":[373],"analysis":[375],"validated":[376],"these":[377],"findings;":[378],"detecting":[379],"0.001)":[385],"for":[391],"predicting":[392],"Our":[395],"findings":[396],"emphasize":[397],"importance":[399],"utilizing":[401],"traditional":[405],"tools":[409],"identify":[411],"validate":[413],"multi-locus":[417],"interactions":[418]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}