{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2018422684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2337/diab.43.8.976","title":"Genetic Variants in Promoters and Coding Regions of the Muscle Glycogen Synthase and the Insulin-Responsive GLUT4 Genes in NIDDM","display_name":"Genetic Variants in Promoters and Coding Regions of the Muscle Glycogen Synthase and the Insulin-Responsive GLUT4 Genes in NIDDM","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2018422684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2337/diab.43.8.976","mag":"2018422684","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8039605"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2337/diab.43.8.976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2337/diab.43.8.976","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2337/diab.43.8.976","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129060628","display_name":"Diabetes","issn_l":"0012-1797","issn":["0012-1797","1939-327X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320274","host_organization_name":"American Diabetes Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320274"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Diabetes Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002600582","display_name":"Christian Bj\u00f8rb\u00e6k","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405255865","display_name":"Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/03gqzdg87","country_code":"DK","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1339947260","https://openalex.org/I2802567020","https://openalex.org/I4210145385","https://openalex.org/I4405255865"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Bj\u00f8rb\u00e6k","raw_affiliation_strings":["Steno Diabetes Center and Hagedorn Research Institute\u2008Copenhagen, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Steno Diabetes Center and Hagedorn Research Institute\u2008Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405255865"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112351996","display_name":"S\u00f8ren M. Echwald","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405255865","display_name":"Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/03gqzdg87","country_code":"DK","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1339947260","https://openalex.org/I2802567020","https://openalex.org/I4210145385","https://openalex.org/I4405255865"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S\u00f8ren M Echwald","raw_affiliation_strings":["Steno Diabetes Center and Hagedorn Research Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Steno Diabetes Center and Hagedorn Research Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405255865"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028607106","display_name":"P. Hubricht","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405255865","display_name":"Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/03gqzdg87","country_code":"DK","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1339947260","https://openalex.org/I2802567020","https://openalex.org/I4210145385","https://openalex.org/I4405255865"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Hubricht","raw_affiliation_strings":["Steno Diabetes Center and Hagedorn Research Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Steno Diabetes Center and Hagedorn Research Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405255865"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061864636","display_name":"Henrik Vestergaard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3090-269X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3090-269X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405255865","display_name":"Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/03gqzdg87","country_code":"DK","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1339947260","https://openalex.org/I2802567020","https://openalex.org/I4210145385","https://openalex.org/I4405255865"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henrik Vestergaard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Steno Diabetes Center and Hagedorn Research Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Steno Diabetes Center and Hagedorn Research Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405255865"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100704087","display_name":"Torben F. Hansen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8748-3831","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8748-3831","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7476-671X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405255865","display_name":"Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/03gqzdg87","country_code":"DK","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1339947260","https://openalex.org/I2802567020","https://openalex.org/I4210145385","https://openalex.org/I4405255865"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Torben Hansen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Steno Diabetes Center and Hagedorn Research Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Steno Diabetes Center and Hagedorn Research Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405255865"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000008605","display_name":"Juleen Rae Zierath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6891-7497","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6891-7497"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405255865","display_name":"Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/03gqzdg87","country_code":"DK","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1339947260","https://openalex.org/I2802567020","https://openalex.org/I4210145385","https://openalex.org/I4405255865"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juleen Zierath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Steno Diabetes Center and Hagedorn Research Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Steno Diabetes Center and Hagedorn Research Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405255865"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066665434","display_name":"Oluf Borbye Pedersen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3321-3972","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3321-3972"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405255865","display_name":"Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/03gqzdg87","country_code":"DK","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1339947260","https://openalex.org/I2802567020","https://openalex.org/I4210145385","https://openalex.org/I4405255865"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oluf Pedersen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Steno Diabetes Center and Hagedorn Research Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Steno Diabetes Center and Hagedorn Research Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405255865"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405255865"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7398,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":70,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90835782,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"8","first_page":"976","last_page":"983"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.5170999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.5170999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11339","display_name":"Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer","score":0.3093000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13354","display_name":"Genetics and Physical Performance","score":0.049400001764297485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycogen-synthase","display_name":"glycogen synthase","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glut4","display_name":"GLUT4","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucose-transporters","display_name":"glucose transporters","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/promoter-polymorphism","display_name":"promoter polymorphism","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-nucleotide-polymorphisms","display_name":"single nucleotide polymorphisms","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-insulin-resistance","display_name":"muscle insulin resistance","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcription-start-site","display_name":"transcription start sites","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silent-polymorphism","display_name":"silent polymorphism","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/5-untranslated-region","display_name":"5' untranslated region","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-expression","display_name":"gene expression","score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-variants","display_name":"genetic variants","score":0.42800000309944153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7657099962234497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776188179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24768727","display_name":"GLUT4","level":4,"score":0.6805306077003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101762097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224093","display_name":"Promoter","level":4,"score":0.6169015765190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.611781120300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.6091212034225464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91779695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3780824","display_name":"Coding region","level":3,"score":0.6082587242126465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129219603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788683","display_name":"Single-strand conformation polymorphism","level":4,"score":0.592618465423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153209595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501128","display_name":"Single-nucleotide polymorphism","level":4,"score":0.5355944633483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.4782946705818176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187882448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q283478","display_name":"Complementary DNA","level":3,"score":0.47350412607192993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89604277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424345","display_name":"Untranslated region","level":4,"score":0.4359491467475891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176990463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1854186","display_name":"Start codon","level":4,"score":0.4152839183807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150194340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Gene expression","level":3,"score":0.30885758996009827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49105822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176996","display_name":"Polymerase chain reaction","level":3,"score":0.304900199174881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.19247838854789734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.15913686156272888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138626823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q916504","display_name":"Chromosomal translocation","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001483","descriptor_name":"Base Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002886","descriptor_name":"Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004247","descriptor_name":"DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004277","descriptor_name":"DNA, Single-Stranded","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006006","descriptor_name":"Glycogen Synthase","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007328","descriptor_name":"Insulin","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009004","descriptor_name":"Monosaccharide Transport Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009124","descriptor_name":"Muscle Proteins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009132","descriptor_name":"Muscles","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011110","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011401","descriptor_name":"Promoter Regions, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012045","descriptor_name":"Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014158","descriptor_name":"Transcription, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014644","descriptor_name":"Genetic Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015139","descriptor_name":"Blotting, Southern","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016133","descriptor_name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051275","descriptor_name":"Glucose Transporter Type 4","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2337/diab.43.8.976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2337/diab.43.8.976","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2337/diab.43.8.976","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129060628","display_name":"Diabetes","issn_l":"0012-1797","issn":["0012-1797","1939-327X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320274","host_organization_name":"American Diabetes Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320274"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Diabetes Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetes","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2337/diabetes.43.8.976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.43.8.976","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.43.8.976","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129060628","display_name":"Diabetes","issn_l":"0012-1797","issn":["0012-1797","1939-327X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320274","host_organization_name":"American Diabetes Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320274"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Diabetes Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetes","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8039605","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8039605","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetes","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/d3ad9223-d912-4233-bb6b-924f060fb1ad","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://researchprofiles.ku.dk/da/publications/d3ad9223-d912-4233-bb6b-924f060fb1ad","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401983","display_name":"Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","host_organization_name":"University of Copenhagen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Bj\u00f8rbaek, C, Echwald, S M, Hubricht, P, Vestergaard, H, Hansen, T, Zierath, J & Pedersen, O 1994, 'Genetic variants in promoters and coding regions of the muscle glycogen synthase and the insulin-responsive GLUT4 genes in NIDDM', Diabetes, vol. 43, no. 8, pp. 976-83.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309607","display_name":"Velux Stiftung","ror":"https://ror.org/00kgf1c95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330133","display_name":"Diabetesforeningen","ror":"https://ror.org/04gwz1s33"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W263672935","https://openalex.org/W1451690345","https://openalex.org/W1514958964","https://openalex.org/W1553733060","https://openalex.org/W1576446344","https://openalex.org/W1963734058","https://openalex.org/W1977182622","https://openalex.org/W1983512144","https://openalex.org/W1984680322","https://openalex.org/W1986731021","https://openalex.org/W2007648846","https://openalex.org/W2019407986","https://openalex.org/W2032622596","https://openalex.org/W2032756634","https://openalex.org/W2041249629","https://openalex.org/W2041639550","https://openalex.org/W2043414017","https://openalex.org/W2051313176","https://openalex.org/W2052937606","https://openalex.org/W2060872374","https://openalex.org/W2067497187","https://openalex.org/W2089659331","https://openalex.org/W2093255361","https://openalex.org/W2095173006","https://openalex.org/W2105912552","https://openalex.org/W2111628818","https://openalex.org/W2116024321","https://openalex.org/W2122338601","https://openalex.org/W2123167115","https://openalex.org/W2131031199","https://openalex.org/W2149397303","https://openalex.org/W2289466277"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111772880","https://openalex.org/W2089659331","https://openalex.org/W7064097273","https://openalex.org/W2170333076","https://openalex.org/W2095131557","https://openalex.org/W7100130342","https://openalex.org/W2009022354","https://openalex.org/W2082922696","https://openalex.org/W1972545320","https://openalex.org/W1986731021"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"examine":[1],"the":[2,7,13,50,96,102,113,168,170,174,178,197,201,205,214,224],"hypothesis":[3],"that":[4],"variants":[5,133],"in":[6,69,146,200,217,223],"regulatory":[8,202],"or":[9],"coding":[10,47,175],"regions":[11,37,39],"of":[12,28,40,49,71,95,112,149,163,167,177,196,204,213,236],"glycogen":[14],"synthase":[15],"(GS)":[16],"and":[17,38,61,76,87,101,127,173,193],"insulin-responsive":[18],"glucose":[19,26],"transporter":[20],"(GLUT4)":[21],"genes":[22],"contribute":[23],"to":[24],"insulin-resistant":[25],"processing":[27],"muscle":[29],"from":[30],"non-insulin-dependent":[31],"diabetes":[32],"mellitus":[33],"(NIDDM)":[34],"patients,":[35],"promoter":[36,98,114],"importance":[41],"for":[42,137],"translation,":[43],"as":[44,46],"well":[45],"sequences":[48],"two":[51],"genes,":[52],"were":[53,67,99],"studied":[54],"using":[55],"single-strand":[56],"conformation":[57],"polymorphism":[58,156,230],"(SSCP)":[59],"analysis":[60,162],"DNA":[62,89],"sequencing.":[63],"The":[64,129,219],"genetic":[65],"analyses":[66],"performed":[68],"subgroups":[70],"52":[72],"Caucasian":[73],"NIDDM":[74],"patients":[75],"25":[77],"age-matched":[78],"healthy":[79],"volunteers.":[80],"By":[81],"applying":[82],"inverse":[83],"polymerase":[84],"chain":[85],"reaction":[86],"direct":[88],"sequencing,":[90],"532":[91],"base":[92],"pairs":[93],"(bp)":[94],"GS":[97,143,150],"identified":[100],"transcriptional":[103],"start":[104],"site":[105],"determined":[106],"by":[107],"primer":[108],"extension.":[109],"SSCP":[110,161],"scanning":[111],"region":[115,176,203],"detected":[116],"five":[117],"single":[118,185],"nucleotide":[119,186],"substitutions,":[120,187],"positioned":[121,188],"at":[122,157,189,221,231],"42,":[123],"-16,":[124],"-43,":[125],"-143,":[126],"-250.":[128],"three":[130,198],"most":[131],"common":[132],"could":[134],"be":[135],"excluded":[136],"having":[138],"major":[139,209,244],"impact":[140],"on":[141,211],"allele-specific":[142],"mRNA":[144],"expression":[145,212],"muscle.":[147,218],"Scanning":[148],"cDNA":[151,226],"revealed":[152],"one":[153],"frequent":[154],"silent":[155,229],"codon":[158,232],"342.":[159],"Moreover,":[160],"approximately":[164],"900":[165],"bp":[166],"promoter,":[169],"5'-untranslated":[171],"region,":[172],"GLUT4":[179,215,225],"gene":[180,206,216,238],"showed":[181],"four":[182],"polymorphisms,":[183],"all":[184],"-581,":[190],"1,":[191],"30,":[192],"582.":[194],"None":[195],"changes":[199],"had":[207],"any":[208,243],"influence":[210],"variant":[220],"582":[222],"was":[227],"a":[228],"130.":[233],"Southern":[234],"blotting":[235],"both":[237],"loci":[239],"did":[240],"not":[241],"detect":[242],"abnormalities.(ABSTRACT":[245],"TRUNCATED":[246],"AT":[247],"250":[248],"WORDS)":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
