{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2018372214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1332380","title":"Three-dimensional vocal tract imaging and formant structure: Varying vocal register, pitch, and loudness","display_name":"Three-dimensional vocal tract imaging and formant structure: Varying vocal register, pitch, and loudness","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2018372214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1332380","mag":"2018372214","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11248978"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1121/1.1332380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1332380","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1332380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11296630","display_name":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","issn_l":"0001-4966","issn":["0001-4966","1520-8524","1520-9024"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320226","host_organization_name":"Acoustical Society of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320226"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Acoustical Society of America"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032676113","display_name":"Kenneth Tom","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142934699","display_name":"California State University, Fullerton","ror":"https://ror.org/02avqqw26","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142934699"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth Tom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Speech Communication, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California\u200992831"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Speech Communication, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California\u200992831","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142934699"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049367753","display_name":"Ingo R. Titze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0583-7515","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0583-7515"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ingo R. Titze","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, National Center for Voice and Speech, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa\u200952242"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, National Center for Voice and Speech, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa\u200952242","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011527598","display_name":"Eric A. Hoffman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8456-9437","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8456-9437"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142782","display_name":"University of Iowa Health Care","ror":"https://ror.org/0431j1t39","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644","https://openalex.org/I4210142782"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric A. Hoffman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Physiologic Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa\u200952242"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Physiologic Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa\u200952242","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644","https://openalex.org/I4210142782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030953583","display_name":"Brad H. Story","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6530-8781","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6530-8781"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brad H. Story","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona\u200985721"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona\u200985721","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4864,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89275867,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"109","issue":"2","first_page":"742","last_page":"747"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.5634999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.5634999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10863","display_name":"Voice and Speech Disorders","score":0.42480000853538513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocal-tract-shape","display_name":"vocal tract shape","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formants","display_name":"formants","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocal-registers","display_name":"vocal registers","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/falsetto","display_name":"falsetto","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chest-register","display_name":"chest register","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pitch-variability","display_name":"pitch variation","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-beam-computed-tomography","display_name":"electron beam computed tomography","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonation","display_name":"phonation","score":0.5889999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47401133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q748953","display_name":"Vocal tract","level":2,"score":0.9699885845184326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158215666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414685","display_name":"Formant","level":3,"score":0.9329835176467896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79018884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622324","display_name":"Loudness","level":2,"score":0.7095207571983337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779235478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286576","display_name":"Register (sociolinguistics)","level":2,"score":0.7080903649330139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.6057689785957336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.43900737166404724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3732549548149109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779581591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36244","display_name":"Vowel","level":2,"score":0.23665767908096313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2150484323501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007830","descriptor_name":"Larynx","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007830","descriptor_name":"Larynx","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010699","descriptor_name":"Phonation","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010700","descriptor_name":"Phonetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013060","descriptor_name":"Speech","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014831","descriptor_name":"Voice","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014833","descriptor_name":"Voice Quality","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1121/1.1332380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1332380","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1332380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11296630","display_name":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","issn_l":"0001-4966","issn":["0001-4966","1520-8524","1520-9024"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320226","host_organization_name":"Acoustical Society of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320226"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Acoustical Society of America"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11248978","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11248978","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G229771282","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P60 DC-00976","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337352","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5734492535","display_name":"NATIONAL CENTER FOR VOICE AND SPEECH","funder_award_id":"5p60dc000976-10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337352","display_name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhx6838"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W181056519","https://openalex.org/W205146511","https://openalex.org/W350589419","https://openalex.org/W1483501585","https://openalex.org/W1581879603","https://openalex.org/W1966648662","https://openalex.org/W1967179977","https://openalex.org/W1968413177","https://openalex.org/W1971243715","https://openalex.org/W2017417575","https://openalex.org/W2022554507","https://openalex.org/W2028272688","https://openalex.org/W2044645654","https://openalex.org/W2053679433","https://openalex.org/W2054159638","https://openalex.org/W2056133372","https://openalex.org/W2069222672","https://openalex.org/W2070696251","https://openalex.org/W2077156722","https://openalex.org/W2081856847","https://openalex.org/W2084251569","https://openalex.org/W2086381991","https://openalex.org/W2090894001","https://openalex.org/W2130538955","https://openalex.org/W2158893164","https://openalex.org/W2307819591","https://openalex.org/W2971194844","https://openalex.org/W3082287772","https://openalex.org/W3128766682","https://openalex.org/W4239815971"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090396130","https://openalex.org/W2296834245","https://openalex.org/W2094636564","https://openalex.org/W2054159638","https://openalex.org/W2069194344","https://openalex.org/W1992463540","https://openalex.org/W6959075772","https://openalex.org/W3029751085","https://openalex.org/W1974592091","https://openalex.org/W1976552793"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"advances":[1],"in":[2,34,82],"techniques":[3],"for":[4],"image":[5],"acquisition":[6],"and":[7,47,60,67,80,86],"analysis":[8],"have":[9],"facilitated":[10],"the":[11,55,91],"direct":[12],"measurement":[13],"of":[14,43,54],"three-dimensional":[15,35],"vocal":[16,37,44,56,83,94],"tract":[17,38,57,84,95],"air":[18],"space":[19],"shapes":[20,96],"associated":[21],"with":[22,30],"specific":[23],"speech":[24],"phonemes,":[25],"little":[26],"information":[27],"is":[28],"available":[29],"regard":[31],"to":[32],"changes":[33],"(3-D)":[36],"shape":[39],"as":[40],"a":[41],"function":[42],"register,":[45],"pitch,":[46],"loudness.":[48],"In":[49],"this":[50],"study,":[51],"3-D":[52],"images":[53],"during":[58],"falsetto":[59],"chest":[61],"register":[62],"phonations":[63],"at":[64],"various":[65],"pitch":[66],"loudness":[68],"conditions":[69],"were":[70],"obtained":[71],"using":[72],"electron":[73],"beam":[74],"computed":[75],"tomography":[76],"(EBCT).":[77],"Detailed":[78],"measurements":[79],"differences":[81],"configuration":[85],"formant":[87],"characteristics":[88],"derived":[89],"from":[90],"eight":[92],"measured":[93],"are":[97],"reported.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}