{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2018366503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000050702","title":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Southern Germany: Epidemiological and Clinicopathological Characteristics and Risk Factors","display_name":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Southern Germany: Epidemiological and Clinicopathological Characteristics and Risk Factors","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2018366503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000050702","mag":"2018366503","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11935095"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1159/000050702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000050702","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000050702","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61881601","display_name":"Digestive Diseases","issn_l":"0257-2753","issn":["0257-2753","1421-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317820","host_organization_name":"Karger Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317820"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Karger Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digestive Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060264183","display_name":"Claus Hellerbrand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9472-4461","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9472-4461"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60668342","display_name":"University of Regensburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01eezs655","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60668342"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claus Hellerbrand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, Germany. claus.hellerbrand@klinik.uni-regensburg.de","Internal Medicine I,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, Germany. claus.hellerbrand@klinik.uni-regensburg.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60668342"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internal Medicine I,","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049585448","display_name":"Arndt Hartmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4860-4626","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4860-4626"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arndt Hartmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pathology, and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pathology, and","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109235152","display_name":"Georg Richter","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georg Richter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pathology, and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pathology, and","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061951754","display_name":"Antje Kn\u00f6ll","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1294-6923","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1294-6923"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60668342","display_name":"University of Regensburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01eezs655","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60668342"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antje Kn\u00f6ll","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60668342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103847870","display_name":"Reiner Wiest","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1469-7107","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1469-7107"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reiner Wiest","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internal Medicine I,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internal Medicine I,","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110836079","display_name":"J\u00fcrgen Sch\u00f6lmerich","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u00fcrgen Sch\u00f6lmerich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internal Medicine I,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internal Medicine I,","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109984751","display_name":"Guntram Lock","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guntram Lock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internal Medicine I,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internal Medicine I,","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2499,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91669303,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"4","first_page":"345","last_page":"351"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10073","display_name":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10073","display_name":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10340","display_name":"Hepatitis B Virus Studies","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10966","display_name":"Liver physiology and pathology","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatocellular-carcinoma","display_name":"hepatocellular carcinoma","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-alcohol-abuse","display_name":"chronic alcohol abuse","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-hepatitis-c","display_name":"chronic hepatitis C","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-cirrhosis","display_name":"liver cirrhosis","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha-fetoprotein","display_name":"alpha-fetoprotein","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-markers","display_name":"tumor markers","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-fibrosis","display_name":"liver fibrosis","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-endemic-area","display_name":"low endemic area","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/southern-germany","display_name":"southern Germany","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-liver-disease","display_name":"chronic liver disease","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatocarcinogenesis","display_name":"hepatocarcinogenesis","score":0.8119999766349792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9016194939613342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778019345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148337","display_name":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","level":2,"score":0.8475848436355591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777214474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147778","display_name":"Cirrhosis","level":2,"score":0.7485182285308838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6956678628921509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.6154531240463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.6112561821937561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780931562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7331102","display_name":"Alcohol abuse","level":2,"score":0.608508825302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.5015873908996582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777075537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929737","display_name":"Liver disease","level":2,"score":0.4854719936847687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137627325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156318","display_name":"Etiology","level":2,"score":0.45673227310180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779102576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5113984","display_name":"Chronic liver disease","level":3,"score":0.4476975202560425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45189115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502159","display_name":"Serology","level":3,"score":0.44688481092453003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777575235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558404","display_name":"Alcoholic liver disease","level":3,"score":0.44123539328575134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776408679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q708693","display_name":"Hepatitis C virus","level":3,"score":0.43928852677345276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.18559592962265015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.18151414394378662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000428","descriptor_name":"Alcohol Drinking","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000509","descriptor_name":"alpha-Fetoproteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005858","descriptor_name":"Germany","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006526","descriptor_name":"Hepatitis C","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006528","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Hepatocellular","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006528","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Hepatocellular","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008103","descriptor_name":"Liver Cirrhosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011379","descriptor_name":"Prognosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014408","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers, Tumor","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016021","descriptor_name":"Epidemiologic Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017668","descriptor_name":"Age of Onset","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1159/000050702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000050702","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000050702","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61881601","display_name":"Digestive Diseases","issn_l":"0257-2753","issn":["0257-2753","1421-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317820","host_organization_name":"Karger Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317820"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Karger Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digestive Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11935095","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11935095","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digestive diseases (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:epub.uni-regensburg.de:73786","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://epub.uni-regensburg.de/73786/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401229","display_name":"University of Regensburg Publication Server (University of Regensburg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60668342","host_organization_name":"University of Regensburg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60668342"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W168169400","https://openalex.org/W1226229020","https://openalex.org/W1581164004","https://openalex.org/W1973988407","https://openalex.org/W1982590675","https://openalex.org/W1982755338","https://openalex.org/W2008071876","https://openalex.org/W2020053748","https://openalex.org/W2023207373","https://openalex.org/W2040722791","https://openalex.org/W2053370422","https://openalex.org/W2053978445","https://openalex.org/W2084098798","https://openalex.org/W2098810728","https://openalex.org/W2124658642","https://openalex.org/W2148436793","https://openalex.org/W2156922255","https://openalex.org/W2159670669","https://openalex.org/W2159954692","https://openalex.org/W2165298960","https://openalex.org/W2321119966","https://openalex.org/W2328441816","https://openalex.org/W2407361134","https://openalex.org/W2408980016","https://openalex.org/W2462605105","https://openalex.org/W4211112323","https://openalex.org/W4245881395"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1607667748","https://openalex.org/W4389146600","https://openalex.org/W2197119232","https://openalex.org/W4392152147","https://openalex.org/W2084098798","https://openalex.org/W6980933504","https://openalex.org/W2566516680","https://openalex.org/W2047343347","https://openalex.org/W4387897782","https://openalex.org/W2935196938"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"UNLABELLED:":[0],"The":[1,43,101,182],"aetiology":[2],"of":[3,16,30,40,45,87,95,144,152,169,177,184,203,245,249,266],"chronic":[4,119,211,256],"liver":[5,132,257],"disease":[6,258],"leading":[7],"to":[8,163,197],"hepatocellular":[9],"carcinoma":[10],"(HCC)":[11],"and":[12,23,60,66,80,106,118,259],"the":[13,28,93,107,125,135,167,175,227,242,264],"clinical":[14],"characteristics":[15,29,68],"patients":[17,32,48,254],"with":[18,49,174,217,236,255],"HCC":[19,31,50,218],"vary":[20],"considerably":[21],"internationally":[22],"intranationally.":[24],"This":[25],"study":[26],"analyses":[27],"in":[33,52,97,134,141,150,206,219,234],"southern":[34,220],"Germany,":[35,221],"a":[36,53,160,189,201],"low":[37,237],"endemic":[38],"area":[39],"HCC.":[41,170,267],"METHODS:":[42],"files":[44],"118":[46],"consecutive":[47],"observed":[51],"single":[54],"tertiary":[55],"care":[56],"hospital":[57],"between":[58],"1994":[59],"2000":[61],"have":[62],"been":[63],"reviewed.":[64],"Epidemiological":[65],"clinicopathological":[67],"such":[69],"as":[70,188],"age":[71,109],"at":[72,92,110,199],"presentation,":[73],"ethanol":[74],"consumption,":[75],"serological":[76],"hepatitis":[77,120,238],"virus":[78,239],"markers,":[79],"fibrosis":[81],"were":[82,90,124,148],"studied.":[83],"Additionally,":[84],"serum":[85,186],"levels":[86,147,172,187],"alpha-fetoprotein":[88],"(AFP)":[89],"analysed":[91],"time":[94],"diagnosis":[96,168],"77":[98],"patients.":[99],"RESULTS:":[100],"male:female":[102],"ratio":[103],"was":[104,112,139],"4:1":[105],"mean":[108],"presentation":[111],"61.8":[113],"years.":[114],"Alcohol":[115],"abuse":[116,213],"(49.2%)":[117],"C":[121],"infection":[122],"(17.8%)":[123],"most":[126,228],"frequent":[127],"risk":[128,230,261],"factors.":[129],"Histologically":[130],"proven":[131],"cirrhosis":[133],"surrounding":[136],"non-tumorous":[137],"tissue":[138],"present":[140],"only":[142,155],"59.0%":[143],"cases.":[145,204],"AFP":[146,171,185],"elevated":[149],"78%":[151],"cases,":[153],"but":[154,194],"34%":[156],"reached":[157],">500":[158],"ng/ml,":[159],"value":[161],"considered":[162],"be":[164],"significant":[165],"for":[166,232,253,263],"correlated":[173],"stage":[176],"fibrosis.":[178],"SUMMARY":[179],"AND":[180],"CONCLUSIONS:":[181],"sensitivity":[183],"tumour":[190],"marker":[191],"is":[192,214,225,248],"poor":[193,243],"might":[195],"help":[196],"detect":[198],"least":[200],"minority":[202],"As":[205],"other":[207,260],"populations":[208],"within":[209],"Europe,":[210],"alcohol":[212,224],"frequently":[215],"associated":[216],"confirming":[222],"that":[223],"still":[226],"important":[229],"factor":[231],"hepatocarcinogenesis":[233],"areas":[235],"prevalence.":[240],"Considering":[241],"prognosis":[244],"HCC,":[246],"prevention":[247],"pivotal":[250],"importance,":[251],"particularly":[252],"factors":[262],"development":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
