{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2018353533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00063","title":"Exposure to Prenatal Infection and Risk of Schizophrenia","display_name":"Exposure to Prenatal Infection and Risk of Schizophrenia","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2018353533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00063","mag":"2018353533","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22131978","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3222883"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00063","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00063/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92766711","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","issn_l":"1664-0640","issn":["1664-0640"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00063/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101449593","display_name":"Alan S. Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3892-2073","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3892-2073"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388891851","display_name":"New York State Psychiatric Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04aqjf708","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388891851"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alan S. Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute New York, NY, USA","College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, United States","New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, unit 23, New York, 10032, New York, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891851","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, unit 23, New York, 10032, New York, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891851"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101449593"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891851","https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":6.7733,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":104,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97315456,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"63","last_page":"63"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.5586000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.5586000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11337","display_name":"Tryptophan and brain disorders","score":0.3734999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2803","display_name":"Biological Psychiatry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10786","display_name":"Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum","score":0.0284000001847744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prenatal-infection","display_name":"prenatal infection","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schizophrenia","display_name":"schizophrenia","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-immune-activation","display_name":"maternal immune activation","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/influenza","display_name":"influenza","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toxoplasma","display_name":"Toxoplasma","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rubella","display_name":"rubella","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/birth-cohort-studies","display_name":"birth cohort studies","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-models-of-schizophrenia","display_name":"animal models of schizophrenia","score":0.7929999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776412080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431605","display_name":"Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming)","level":2,"score":0.710228443145752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5123261213302612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.4818804860115051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018923374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Prenatal exposure","level":4,"score":0.4358729124069214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.29391881823539734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.23027357459068298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112672928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q239526","display_name":"Offspring","level":3,"score":0.16602277755737305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.15395566821098328}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00063","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00063/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92766711","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","issn_l":"1664-0640","issn":["1664-0640"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3222883","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3222883","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Psychiatry","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:22131978","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22131978","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in psychiatry","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:452336b80c624de58077def5cebcbf62","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/452336b80c624de58077def5cebcbf62","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry, Vol 2 (2011)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00063","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00063/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92766711","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","issn_l":"1664-0640","issn":["1664-0640"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4340947228","display_name":"Epidemiology of Prenatal Factors and Adult Psychopathology","funder_award_id":"K02MH065422","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5945520478","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2K02-MH065422","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311440","display_name":"National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression","ror":"https://ror.org/03a63f080"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2018353533.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2018353533.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W60408276","https://openalex.org/W1966407955","https://openalex.org/W1970183794","https://openalex.org/W1971916575","https://openalex.org/W1977884541","https://openalex.org/W1977917668","https://openalex.org/W2002242904","https://openalex.org/W2008617607","https://openalex.org/W2014596655","https://openalex.org/W2017113698","https://openalex.org/W2021706944","https://openalex.org/W2021906711","https://openalex.org/W2022654189","https://openalex.org/W2027716792","https://openalex.org/W2037555832","https://openalex.org/W2040789766","https://openalex.org/W2054005457","https://openalex.org/W2064037076","https://openalex.org/W2064622297","https://openalex.org/W2068766837","https://openalex.org/W2083150859","https://openalex.org/W2091389527","https://openalex.org/W2098597355","https://openalex.org/W2103560303","https://openalex.org/W2105035544","https://openalex.org/W2111005891","https://openalex.org/W2113207193","https://openalex.org/W2117633779","https://openalex.org/W2125244470","https://openalex.org/W2127074096","https://openalex.org/W2127205775","https://openalex.org/W2127421026","https://openalex.org/W2127454740","https://openalex.org/W2154965665","https://openalex.org/W2162689369","https://openalex.org/W2167272363","https://openalex.org/W2170260565","https://openalex.org/W2495243380","https://openalex.org/W2553525869","https://openalex.org/W4246040963","https://openalex.org/W7039612861"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100579621","https://openalex.org/W2040789766","https://openalex.org/W2142972284","https://openalex.org/W7099644813","https://openalex.org/W2092196742","https://openalex.org/W3161170123","https://openalex.org/W2488021989","https://openalex.org/W2505847261","https://openalex.org/W2024215324","https://openalex.org/W2125343575"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"provide":[1],"a":[2,8],"brief":[3],"review":[4],"of":[5,16,41,54,79,124,136,151,162],"findings":[6,89],"supporting":[7],"role":[9],"for":[10],"prenatal":[11,154],"infection":[12,125,155],"in":[13,30,56,102,159],"the":[14,122,129,140,160],"etiology":[15],"schizophrenia.":[17,105,163],"Our":[18],"group":[19],"and":[20,45,69,156],"others":[21],"have":[22,72,85,128],"conducted":[23],"birth":[24],"cohort":[25],"studies":[26,147],"to":[27,33,61,99,109,120,131,144],"address":[28],"whether":[29],"utero":[31],"exposure":[32,60,108],"infectious":[34],"agents,":[35],"prospectively":[36],"documented":[37],"by":[38,46,90],"biomarker":[39],"assays":[40],"archived":[42],"maternal":[43,93],"sera,":[44],"detailed":[47],"obstetric":[48],"records,":[49],"confer":[50],"an":[51,76,133],"increased":[52,77],"risk":[53,78],"schizophrenia":[55,80,137],"adult":[57],"offspring.":[58,82],"Prenatal":[59],"influenza,":[62],"elevated":[63],"toxoplasma":[64],"antibody,":[65],"rubella,":[66],"genital-reproductive":[67],"infections,":[68],"other":[70],"infections":[71],"been":[73],"associated":[74],"with":[75,104],"among":[81],"Animal":[83],"models":[84],"supported":[86],"these":[87],"epidemiologic":[88],"revealing":[91],"that":[92,107,118],"immune":[94],"activation":[95],"causes":[96],"phenotypes":[97],"analogous":[98],"those":[100],"found":[101],"patients":[103],"Given":[106,139],"microbial":[110],"agents":[111],"are":[112],"preventable":[113],"or":[114],"treatable,":[115],"they":[116],"suggest":[117],"interventions":[119],"diminish":[121],"incidence":[123],"during":[126],"pregnancy":[127],"potential":[130],"prevent":[132],"appreciable":[134],"proportion":[135],"cases.":[138],"clear":[141],"genetic":[142],"component":[143],"schizophrenia,":[145],"future":[146],"should":[148],"include":[149],"investigations":[150],"interactions":[152],"between":[153],"susceptibility":[157],"genes":[158],"pathogenesis":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}