{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2018349472","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.29.110","title":"Ginsenoside 20(S)-Protopanaxatriol (PPT) Activates Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor \u03b3 (PPAR\u03b3) in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes","display_name":"Ginsenoside 20(S)-Protopanaxatriol (PPT) Activates Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor \u03b3 (PPAR\u03b3) in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2018349472","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.29.110","mag":"2018349472","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16394521"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1248/bpb.29.110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.29.110","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.29.110","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/29/1/29_1_110/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165235614","display_name":"Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin","issn_l":"0918-6158","issn":["0918-6158","1347-5215"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313382","host_organization_name":"Pharmaceutical Society of Japan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313382"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pharmaceutical Society of Japan"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological &amp; Pharmaceutical Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/29/1/29_1_110/_pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109943449","display_name":"Kyu Lee Han","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyu Lee Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110547732","display_name":"Myeong Ho Jung","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097010","display_name":"Korea National Institute of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdsfq65","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290491151","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210097010"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Myeong Ho Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Metabolic Disease, Department of Biomedical Science, National Institute of Health, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Metabolic Disease, Department of Biomedical Science, National Institute of Health, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097010"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109965768","display_name":"Jong Hee Sohn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7795-3755","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7795-3755"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jong Hee Sohn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006832149","display_name":"Jae\u2010Kwan Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5550-6661","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5550-6661"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae-Kwan Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6489,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":113,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97751938,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"1","first_page":"110","last_page":"113"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11889","display_name":"Ginseng Biological Effects and Applications","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11889","display_name":"Ginseng Biological Effects and Applications","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11072","display_name":"Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors","score":0.012500000186264515,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11140","display_name":"Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/20-s-protopanaxatriol","display_name":"20(S)-protopanaxatriol","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ginsenosides","display_name":"ginsenosides","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ppargamma-activation","display_name":"PPAR\u03b3 activation","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3t3-l1-adipocytes","display_name":"3T3-L1 adipocytes","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adipogenic-differentiation","display_name":"adipogenesis","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-sensitivity","display_name":"insulin sensitivity","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-resistance","display_name":"insulin resistance","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glut4","display_name":"GLUT4","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ppargamma-target-genes","display_name":"PPAR\u03b3 target genes","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucose-metabolism","display_name":"glucose metabolism","score":0.3490000069141388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778150266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7844989","display_name":"Troglitazone","level":4,"score":0.8969894051551819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187345961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419629","display_name":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor","level":3,"score":0.7744916081428528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1292079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3817769","display_name":"Transactivation","level":4,"score":0.7642150521278381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776188179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24768727","display_name":"GLUT4","level":4,"score":0.6638522148132324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.6445784568786621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6409260034561157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6015718579292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122927707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2824461","display_name":"Adipogenesis","level":3,"score":0.5990268588066101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780152017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424771","display_name":"Rosiglitazone","level":3,"score":0.5781869888305664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776175234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357519","display_name":"Adipocyte","level":3,"score":0.488343209028244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778938600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389934","display_name":"Agonist","level":3,"score":0.4734194874763489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.448075532913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142536801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636414","display_name":"3T3-L1","level":4,"score":0.4401886463165283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63932345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422500","display_name":"Nuclear receptor","level":4,"score":0.4249057173728943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7341990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10331450","display_name":"PPAR agonist","level":4,"score":0.4234761893749237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4733338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2792936","display_name":"Lipid metabolism","level":2,"score":0.4162848889827728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777391703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin resistance","level":3,"score":0.40044960379600525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.28753137588500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.28229570388793945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.24906107783317566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.20626959204673767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.14169949293136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171089720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193583","display_name":"Adipose tissue","level":2,"score":0.11757946014404297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002454","descriptor_name":"Cell Differentiation","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002522","descriptor_name":"Chlorocebus aethiops","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004305","descriptor_name":"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007004","descriptor_name":"Hypoglycemic Agents","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010636","descriptor_name":"Phenols","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011720","descriptor_name":"Pyrazoles","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012503","descriptor_name":"Saponins","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015153","descriptor_name":"Blotting, Western","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015533","descriptor_name":"Transcriptional Activation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016475","descriptor_name":"3T3 Cells","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017667","descriptor_name":"Adipocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017667","descriptor_name":"Adipocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019556","descriptor_name":"COS Cells","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020133","descriptor_name":"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D036145","descriptor_name":"Ginsenosides","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D047495","descriptor_name":"PPAR gamma","qualifier_ui":"Q000819","qualifier_name":"agonists","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050356","descriptor_name":"Lipid Metabolism","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051275","descriptor_name":"Glucose Transporter Type 4","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1248/bpb.29.110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.29.110","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.29.110","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/29/1/29_1_110/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165235614","display_name":"Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin","issn_l":"0918-6158","issn":["0918-6158","1347-5215"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313382","host_organization_name":"Pharmaceutical Society of Japan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313382"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pharmaceutical Society of Japan"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological &amp; Pharmaceutical Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:16394521","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16394521","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1248/bpb.29.110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.29.110","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.29.110","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/29/1/29_1_110/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165235614","display_name":"Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin","issn_l":"0918-6158","issn":["0918-6158","1347-5215"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313382","host_organization_name":"Pharmaceutical Society of Japan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313382"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pharmaceutical Society of Japan"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological &amp; Pharmaceutical Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9476000070571899,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2018349472.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2018349472.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970212606","https://openalex.org/W1970474244","https://openalex.org/W1977535488","https://openalex.org/W1997058330","https://openalex.org/W2002519246","https://openalex.org/W2005674716","https://openalex.org/W2024682491","https://openalex.org/W2024869617","https://openalex.org/W2024969521","https://openalex.org/W2046061776","https://openalex.org/W2047982128","https://openalex.org/W2049702067","https://openalex.org/W2095236486","https://openalex.org/W2096224929","https://openalex.org/W2096864643","https://openalex.org/W2103047172","https://openalex.org/W2124100109","https://openalex.org/W2125090169","https://openalex.org/W2139714284","https://openalex.org/W2143808884","https://openalex.org/W2151025367","https://openalex.org/W2164015929","https://openalex.org/W2169273666","https://openalex.org/W3063220799"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1936322262","https://openalex.org/W2095236486","https://openalex.org/W4230830480","https://openalex.org/W1964189360","https://openalex.org/W2162453376","https://openalex.org/W2171502405","https://openalex.org/W1965030701","https://openalex.org/W2436677651","https://openalex.org/W2896910805","https://openalex.org/W4307705783"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Peroxisome":[0],"proliferator-activated":[1],"receptor":[2,10,33],"gamma":[3],"(PPARgamma),":[4],"a":[5,87,110,150],"member":[6],"of":[7,11,18,44,76,80,94,121,136,156],"the":[8,16,42,65,74,95,119,154],"nuclear":[9],"ligand-activated":[12],"transcription":[13],"factors,":[14],"regulates":[15],"expression":[17,120,135],"key":[19],"genes":[20,124],"involved":[21],"in":[22,41,84],"lipid":[23],"and":[24,82,129],"glucose":[25,62,137],"metabolism":[26],"or":[27,49],"adipocyte":[28],"differentiation.":[29],"Ligands":[30],"for":[31,153],"this":[32,70],"have":[34],"emerged":[35],"as":[36,57,59,108,126,149],"potent":[37],"insulin":[38,157],"sensitizers":[39],"used":[40],"treatment":[43],"Type2":[45],"diabetes.":[46,161],"Ginseng":[47],"saponins":[48],"ginsenosides":[50,77],"are":[51],"reported":[52],"to":[53,60,100],"provide":[54],"anti-diabetic":[55],"activity":[56,103,107],"well":[58],"modulate":[61],"metabolism,":[63],"although":[64],"mechanism":[66],"remains":[67],"unclear.":[68],"In":[69],"study,":[71],"we":[72],"examined":[73],"effect":[75],"on":[78],"activation":[79],"PPARgamma":[81,112,122,151],"adipogenes":[83],"3T3-L1.":[85],"Using":[86],"GAL-4/PPARgamma":[88],"transactivation":[89],"assay,":[90],"20(S)-protopanaxatriol":[91],"(PPT),":[92],"one":[93],"ginsenoside":[96],"metabolites,":[97],"was":[98],"found":[99],"increase":[101],"PPARgamma-transactivation":[102],"dose-dependently":[104],"with":[105,160],"similar":[106],"troglitazone,":[109],"well-known":[111],"agonist.":[113],"PPT":[114,132,145],"enhanced":[115],"adipogenesis":[116],"by":[117],"increasing":[118],"target":[123],"such":[125],"aP2,":[127],"LPL":[128],"PEPCK.":[130],"Furthermore,":[131],"significantly":[133],"increased":[134],"transporter":[138],"4":[139],"(GLUT4).":[140],"These":[141],"results":[142],"indicate":[143],"that":[144],"can":[146],"be":[147],"developed":[148],"agonist":[152],"improvement":[155],"resistance":[158],"associated":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
