{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2018333550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajfand.v11i1.65876","title":"Nutritional quality and utilization of local and improved cowpea varieties in some regions in Tanzania","display_name":"Nutritional quality and utilization of local and improved cowpea varieties in some regions in Tanzania","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2018333550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajfand.v11i1.65876","mag":"2018333550"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4314/ajfand.v11i1.65876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajfand.v11i1.65876","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajfand.v11i1.65876","pdf_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajfand/article/download/65876/53592","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112978253","display_name":"African Journal of Food Agriculture Nutrition and Development","issn_l":"1684-5358","issn":["1684-5358","1684-5374"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jpps-2","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311044","host_organization_name":"African Scholarly Science Communications Trust","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311044"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Scholarly Science Communications Trust"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajfand/article/download/65876/53592","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111574531","display_name":"PS Mamiro","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84641585","display_name":"Sokoine University of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/00jdryp44","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84641585"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"PS Mamiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Food Science and Technology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3006, Morogoro, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food Science and Technology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3006, Morogoro, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84641585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110821237","display_name":"Ambonesigwe M. Mbwaga","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"AM Mbwaga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Uyole Agricultural Research Institute, Box 400, Mbeya, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Uyole Agricultural Research Institute, Box 400, Mbeya, Tanzania","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111666680","display_name":"DP Mamiro","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84641585","display_name":"Sokoine University of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/00jdryp44","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84641585"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"DP Mamiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Crop Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3005, Morogoro, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Crop Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3005, Morogoro, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84641585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091770993","display_name":"AW Mwanri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84641585","display_name":"Sokoine University of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/00jdryp44","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84641585"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"AW Mwanri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Food Science and Technology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3006, Morogoro, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food Science and Technology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3006, Morogoro, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84641585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091770993","display_name":"AW Mwanri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84641585","display_name":"Sokoine University of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/00jdryp44","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84641585"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"AW Mwanri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Food Science and Technology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3006, Morogoro, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food Science and Technology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3006, Morogoro, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84641585"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079126691","display_name":"JL Kinabo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84641585","display_name":"Sokoine University of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/00jdryp44","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84641585"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JL Kinabo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Food Science and Technology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3006, Morogoro, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food Science and Technology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3006, Morogoro, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84641585"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":750},"apc_paid":{"value":750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":750},"fwci":3.0196,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89758014,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13125","display_name":"Agricultural pest management studies","score":0.8378999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13125","display_name":"Agricultural pest management studies","score":0.8378999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14127","display_name":"Food Nutrient Composition and Product Development","score":0.12929999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12115","display_name":"Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies","score":0.006000000052154064,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cowpea","display_name":"cowpea","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutritional-value","display_name":"nutritional value","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cowpea-varieties","display_name":"cowpea varieties","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/improved-cultivar","display_name":"improved varieties","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cowpea-leaves","display_name":"cowpea leaves","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proximate-composition","display_name":"proximate composition","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mineral-composition","display_name":"mineral composition","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron","display_name":"iron","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zinc","display_name":"zinc","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium","display_name":"calcium","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relish","display_name":"Relish","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-utilization","display_name":"food utilization","score":0.46700000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-food-consumption","display_name":"household food consumption","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tanzania","display_name":"Tanzania","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iringa","display_name":"Iringa","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dodoma","display_name":"Dodoma","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fabaceae","display_name":"Fabaceae","score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooking-methods","display_name":"cooking methods","score":0.3019999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779357621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655495","display_name":"Tanzania","level":2,"score":0.8010733127593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780539549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7252857","display_name":"Proximate","level":2,"score":0.5145370364189148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535196362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q758","display_name":"Zinc","level":2,"score":0.48346883058547974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779862049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132634","display_name":"Vigna","level":2,"score":0.46922004222869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.43027055263519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.40114039182662964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.3449613153934479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.3294128179550171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.30434608459472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.24168699979782104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09576112031936646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4314/ajfand.v11i1.65876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajfand.v11i1.65876","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajfand.v11i1.65876","pdf_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajfand/article/download/65876/53592","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112978253","display_name":"African Journal of Food Agriculture Nutrition and Development","issn_l":"1684-5358","issn":["1684-5358","1684-5374"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jpps-2","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311044","host_organization_name":"African Scholarly Science Communications Trust","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311044"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Scholarly Science Communications Trust"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:utoronto.scholaris.ca:1807/55689","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/55689","pdf_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/f267c2d7-0edb-4b1c-b87e-3569199bb109/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400261","display_name":"TSpace (University of Toronto)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:cria:bioline:nd:nd11004","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.bioline.org.br/abstract?id=nd11004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402188","display_name":"Bioline International (Bioline International)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development (ISSN: 1684-5358) Vol 11 Num 1","raw_type":"AA"},{"id":"pmh:oai:suair:123456789/1312","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.suaire.suanet.ac.tz:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1312","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4314/ajfand.v11i1.65876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajfand.v11i1.65876","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajfand.v11i1.65876","pdf_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajfand/article/download/65876/53592","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112978253","display_name":"African Journal of Food Agriculture Nutrition and Development","issn_l":"1684-5358","issn":["1684-5358","1684-5374"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jpps-2","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311044","host_organization_name":"African Scholarly Science Communications Trust","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311044"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Scholarly Science Communications Trust"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308324","display_name":"McKnight Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/003ghvj67"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2018333550.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2018333550.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1705032246","https://openalex.org/W1848048393","https://openalex.org/W1982033107","https://openalex.org/W1982088432","https://openalex.org/W2025340086","https://openalex.org/W2045488737","https://openalex.org/W2073779467","https://openalex.org/W2081268423","https://openalex.org/W2101035832","https://openalex.org/W2128852358","https://openalex.org/W2156880584","https://openalex.org/W2183603465","https://openalex.org/W2298230951","https://openalex.org/W3111514055","https://openalex.org/W3141624786","https://openalex.org/W6600003358"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7166586057","https://openalex.org/W4285793620","https://openalex.org/W2187775090","https://openalex.org/W2987100386","https://openalex.org/W4298053270","https://openalex.org/W2112007086","https://openalex.org/W4417539902","https://openalex.org/W2025252504","https://openalex.org/W2001089162","https://openalex.org/W4294050884"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cowpeas":[0],"are":[1,11,48],"grown":[2,37],"for":[3,302,323],"their":[4],"leaves":[5,94,206,332,346],"and":[6,33,60,84,93,135,139,171,181,218,224,227,231,241,252,277,292,318,327,367],"grains":[7,92,137,163,349],"both":[8,324],"of":[9,31,63,74,87,90,104,132,167,211,305,342,344,352],"which":[10,46],"used":[12],"as":[13,40,42,120],"relish":[14,121],"or":[15,112,126],"side":[16],"dishes":[17],"together":[18],"with":[19,124,213,331],"the":[20,28,43,105,208,257,303,306,338,345,348,362],"staple":[21],"food.":[22],"Little":[23],"information":[24],"is":[25,321],"available":[26],"on":[27],"nutritional":[29,353],"quality":[30],"local":[32,158,328,369],"improved":[34,235],"cowpea":[35,56,91,116,136,140,144,162,176,182,205,236,297,365],"varieties":[36,89,145,159,329,366],"in":[38,45,58,110,266,285],"Tanzania":[39],"well":[41],"recipes":[44,117],"they":[47],"ingredients.":[49],"This":[50],"study":[51],"was":[52,68],"done":[53],"to":[54,154,157,178,185,192,201,282,312,360],"investigate":[55],"utilization":[57],"Iringa":[59],"Dodoma":[61,267],"regions":[62],"Tanzania.":[64],"A":[65],"cross-sectional":[66],"survey":[67],"carried":[69],"out":[70],"where":[71],"a":[72,80,130],"total":[73],"517":[75],"farmers":[76,356],"were":[77,95],"interviewed":[78,107],"using":[79,97],"pre-tested":[81],"structuredquestionnaire.":[82],"Proximate":[83],"mineral":[85,270,335],"composition":[86],"different":[88],"determined":[96],"standard":[98],"AOAC":[99],"methods.":[100],"More":[101],"than":[102,174,337],"half":[103],"households":[106,307],"consumed":[108],"cowpeas":[109],"one":[111],"more":[113],"forms.":[114],"Most":[115],"included":[118],"them":[119],"being":[122],"eaten":[123],"rice":[125],"stiff":[127],"porridge":[128],"(ugali),":[129],"mixture":[131],"dehulled":[133,175],"maize":[134],"(kande)":[138],"buns":[141],"(bagia).":[142],"Improved":[143],"had":[146,164,207,245,256,268],"relatively":[147],"higher":[148,165,269,363],"fat":[149],"content":[150,197,336],"ranging":[151],"from":[152,190,199,310],"8":[153],"11.2%":[155],"compared":[156,281],"(5.4%).":[160],"Local":[161],"levels":[166,210],"calciumvarying":[168],"between":[169,216,222,229],"958.1":[170],"992.4":[172],"mg/kg":[173,226],"(360":[177],"364":[179],"mg/kg)":[180,240,244,251,255,276,280,291],"flour":[183],"(303":[184],"311":[186],"mg/kg).":[187,295],"Zinc":[188],"ranged":[189,198,309],"32.6":[191],"31.5":[193],"mg/kg,":[194,220],"while":[195],"iron":[196,228,247,278,293],"27.6":[200],"28.9":[202],"mg/kg.":[203,233],"Fresh":[204],"highest":[209,258],"minerals,":[212],"calcium":[214,272,287],"varying":[215],"1800.6":[217],"1809.6":[219],"zinc":[221,259,274,289],"36.1":[223],"36.0":[225],"497.0":[230],"499.5":[232],"The":[234,261,296,315],"varieties,":[237],"IT99K-7212-2-1":[238],"(23.8":[239],"IT96D-733":[242],"(21.2":[243],"thehighest":[246],"content.":[248],"IT99K-7-21-2-2-1":[249],"(32.2":[250],"IT97K499-38":[253],"(28.3":[254],"concentration.":[260],"bagia":[262],"(cowpea":[263],"buns),":[264],"prepared":[265,284],"composition,":[271],"(893mg/kg),":[273],"(13.7":[275],"(16.3":[279],"those":[283],"Iringa;":[286],"(32.6mg/kg),":[288],"(4.96":[290],"(5.2":[294],"daily":[298],"per":[299],"capita":[300],"consumption":[301,343],"majority":[304],"surveyed":[308],"41":[311],"200":[313],"gm.":[314],"contribution":[316],"ofmicro":[317],"macro":[319],"nutrients":[320],"significant":[322],"developed":[325],"lines":[326],"but":[330],"having":[333],"greater":[334],"grains;":[339],"hence,":[340],"promotion":[341],"alongside":[347],"would":[350],"be":[351,358],"advantage.":[354],"Additionally,":[355],"should":[357],"encouraged":[359],"plant":[361],"yielding":[364],"preferred":[368],"varieties.":[370]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}