{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2018320985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005ja011386","title":"Signatures of equatorial midnight temperature maximum as observed from in situ and ground\u2010based ionospheric measurements in the Indian sector","display_name":"Signatures of equatorial midnight temperature maximum as observed from in situ and ground\u2010based ionospheric measurements in the Indian sector","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2018320985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005ja011386","mag":"2018320985"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1029/2005ja011386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005ja011386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005ja011386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207178839","display_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","issn_l":"0148-0227","issn":["0148-0227","2156-2202","2169-897X","2169-8996"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109377237","display_name":"K. Niranjan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100887729","display_name":"Andhra University","ror":"https://ror.org/049skhf47","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100887729"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Niranjan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics Andhra University  Visakhapatnam India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics Andhra University  Visakhapatnam India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100887729"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019202933","display_name":"P. S. Brahmanandam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9777-3496","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9777-3496"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100887729","display_name":"Andhra University","ror":"https://ror.org/049skhf47","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100887729"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. S. Brahmanandam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics Andhra University  Visakhapatnam India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics Andhra University  Visakhapatnam India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100887729"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077197896","display_name":"B. Srivani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100887729","display_name":"Andhra University","ror":"https://ror.org/049skhf47","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100887729"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Srivani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics Andhra University  Visakhapatnam India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics Andhra University  Visakhapatnam India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100887729"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100887729"],"apc_list":{"value":4070,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4070},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5938,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72863971,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"111","issue":"A7","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1912","display_name":"Space and Planetary Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1912","display_name":"Space and Planetary Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10787","display_name":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11603","display_name":"Dust and Plasma Wave Phenomena","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equatorial-ionosphere","display_name":"equatorial ionosphere","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutral-winds","display_name":"neutral winds","score":0.4569999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seasonal-variation","display_name":"seasonal variation","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-solar-activity","display_name":"low solar activity","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indian-sector","display_name":"Indian sector","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosonde-observations","display_name":"ionosonde observations","score":0.609000027179718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108320909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123524","display_name":"Solstice","level":3,"score":0.916489839553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156034889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408723","display_name":"Airglow","level":2,"score":0.8518136739730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184850221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3801433","display_name":"Ionosonde","level":4,"score":0.7823382019996643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116403925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219","display_name":"Ionosphere","level":2,"score":0.6590989828109741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.6228205561637878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12980444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23538","display_name":"Equator","level":3,"score":0.538532018661499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122523270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34027","display_name":"Latitude","level":2,"score":0.5195755958557129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991837008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42530","display_name":"Low latitude","level":3,"score":0.5077968239784241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25188466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36402","display_name":"Midnight","level":2,"score":0.45728346705436707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18101618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9346670","display_name":"Middle latitudes","level":2,"score":0.44959700107574463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162725370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52643","display_name":"Daytime","level":2,"score":0.4333774149417877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14168384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16305538","display_name":"Subtropics","level":2,"score":0.4330519139766693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.38125354051589966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.3524686098098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3304153084754944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22488155961036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.19649454951286316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125485243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905186","display_name":"Electron density","level":3,"score":0.1903720200061798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.15851879119873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.14476588368415833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.10692599415779114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1029/2005ja011386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005ja011386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005ja011386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207178839","display_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","issn_l":"0148-0227","issn":["0148-0227","2156-2202","2169-897X","2169-8996"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481061420","https://openalex.org/W1965887995","https://openalex.org/W1970456374","https://openalex.org/W1980320210","https://openalex.org/W1982965867","https://openalex.org/W2001584112","https://openalex.org/W2016043378","https://openalex.org/W2018399049","https://openalex.org/W2019433218","https://openalex.org/W2023625764","https://openalex.org/W2024555317","https://openalex.org/W2026262442","https://openalex.org/W2032618837","https://openalex.org/W2034028032","https://openalex.org/W2039206322","https://openalex.org/W2042844225","https://openalex.org/W2044770048","https://openalex.org/W2047109219","https://openalex.org/W2047706409","https://openalex.org/W2050462869","https://openalex.org/W2057133609","https://openalex.org/W2069223078","https://openalex.org/W2071730154","https://openalex.org/W2080602700","https://openalex.org/W2103652504","https://openalex.org/W2107682883","https://openalex.org/W2110620713","https://openalex.org/W2118305258","https://openalex.org/W2145366190","https://openalex.org/W2171855340","https://openalex.org/W2277250496","https://openalex.org/W3187357629","https://openalex.org/W4252823176"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2322594323","https://openalex.org/W2277250496","https://openalex.org/W2042844225","https://openalex.org/W2746050434","https://openalex.org/W2107682883","https://openalex.org/W4220742262","https://openalex.org/W2086538816","https://openalex.org/W2147375725","https://openalex.org/W2552255005","https://openalex.org/W2154815688"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Results":[0],"of":[1,10,29,70,87,137,182,187,192,195,204,207,209,220,227,230],"a":[2,45,53,77,135,156],"preliminary":[3],"study":[4],"carried":[5],"out":[6],"on":[7],"the":[8,16,22,35,66,82,85,99,106,141,175,183,193,198,205,218,224,228],"features":[9],"midnight":[11],"temperature":[12,27,79,110],"maximum":[13],"(MTM)":[14],"over":[15],"Indian":[17,30,47],"sector":[18],"as":[19],"observed":[20],"from":[21,44,81,91],"first":[23],"in":[24,98,132,164,180,217],"situ":[25],"electron":[26,61],"variations":[28],"SROSS":[31],"C2":[32],"RPA":[33],"data,":[34],"thermospheric":[36],"night":[37,167],"airglow":[38,168],"intensities":[39],"at":[40,151,200],"630":[41,165],"nm":[42,166],"recorded":[43],"subtropical":[46,152],"station":[48],"Waltair":[49,88],"(17.7\u00b0N,":[50],"83.3\u00b0E)":[51],"and":[52,126,161,197,223],"colocated":[54],"Digital":[55],"Ionosonde":[56],"data":[57],"are":[58,122,171,215],"reported.":[59],"The":[60,145,213],"temperatures":[62],"indicate":[63],"that":[64,140],"during":[65,105],"summer":[67],"solstice":[68,108],"months":[69],"low":[71],"solar":[72],"activity":[73],"periods,":[74],"there":[75],"was":[76],"significant":[78,115],"gradient":[80,116],"equator":[83],"toward":[84],"latitudes":[86,153],"(14\u201318\u00b0":[89],"N)":[90],"2200":[92],"to":[93,155,173],"2400":[94],"hours":[95,128],"IST":[96],"even":[97],"topside":[100],"F":[101,148,188],"region.":[102],"In":[103],"contrast,":[104],"winter":[107],"months,":[109],"contours":[111],"do":[112],"not":[113],"show":[114],"around":[117],"midnight,":[118],"though":[119],"isolated":[120],"peaks":[121],"seen":[123],"between":[124],"0100":[125],"0300":[127],"IST,":[129],"i.e.,":[130],"delayed":[131],"time":[133,199,206],"by":[134],"couple":[136],"hours,":[138],"suggesting":[139],"MTM":[142,146,176,210],"is":[143],"weaker.":[144],"induced":[147,177,211],"layer":[149,189],"descent":[150,190],"due":[154],"probable":[157],"neutral":[158],"wind":[159],"modification":[160],"consequent":[162],"increase":[163],"zenith":[169],"intensity":[170],"studied":[172],"characterize":[174],"ionospheric":[178],"changes":[179],"terms":[181],"starting":[184],"time,":[185],"velocity":[186],"indicative":[191,203],"strength":[194],"MTM,":[196],"minimum":[201],"height":[202],"cessation":[208],"perturbation.":[212],"results":[214],"discussed":[216],"light":[219],"earlier":[221],"work":[222],"current":[225],"understanding":[226],"origin":[229],"equatorial":[231],"MTM.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}