{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2018309884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00690941","title":"Effects of fixed-interval duration on the development of tolerance to decreased responding byl-nantradol","display_name":"Effects of fixed-interval duration on the development of tolerance to decreased responding byl-nantradol","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2018309884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00690941","mag":"2018309884","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3103154"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00690941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00690941","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00690941","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80334769","display_name":"Psychopharmacology","issn_l":"0033-3158","issn":["0033-3158","1432-2072"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychopharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103405847","display_name":"James Barclay Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6967-1632","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6967-1632"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James B. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology, 01545, Shrewsbury, MA, USA","The Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology, Shrewsbury, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology, 01545, Shrewsbury, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology, Shrewsbury, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103405847"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4390},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0590469,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"91","issue":"1","first_page":"127","last_page":"130"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tolerance-pharmacology-and-immunology","display_name":"tolerance (pharmacology and immunology)","score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixed-interval-schedules","display_name":"fixed-interval schedules","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixed-ratio-schedules","display_name":"fixed-ratio schedules","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pigeons","display_name":"pigeons","score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-pecking","display_name":"key pecking","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-drug-administration","display_name":"chronic drug administration","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-parameters","display_name":"reinforcement parameters","score":0.3240000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778555786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7448011","display_name":"Self-administration","level":2,"score":0.584195613861084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.5560914278030396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778067643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166507","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5089657306671143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.45211610198020935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.40388643741607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.390852689743042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32378360629081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.29552963376045227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.16185200214385986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.10565412044525146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.08972442150115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003216","descriptor_name":"Conditioning, Operant","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004361","descriptor_name":"Drug Tolerance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005502","descriptor_name":"Food","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010617","descriptor_name":"Phenanthridines","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010856","descriptor_name":"Columbidae","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012055","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement Schedule","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00690941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00690941","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00690941","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80334769","display_name":"Psychopharmacology","issn_l":"0033-3158","issn":["0033-3158","1432-2072"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychopharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:3103154","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3103154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychopharmacology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.428600013256073}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4412405196","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DA 01987","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G624830003","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DA-01015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","ror":"https://ror.org/00fq5cm18"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W560872320","https://openalex.org/W1834698691","https://openalex.org/W1964804582","https://openalex.org/W1977443745","https://openalex.org/W1992873548","https://openalex.org/W1998012110","https://openalex.org/W2018856873","https://openalex.org/W2030738162","https://openalex.org/W2036181440","https://openalex.org/W2054784800","https://openalex.org/W2061632689","https://openalex.org/W2063154655","https://openalex.org/W2072499822","https://openalex.org/W2080383348","https://openalex.org/W2083378459","https://openalex.org/W2091144676","https://openalex.org/W2163589927","https://openalex.org/W2500496125"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072499822","https://openalex.org/W1975348899","https://openalex.org/W2087514144","https://openalex.org/W2059536458","https://openalex.org/W2075227121","https://openalex.org/W2125753206","https://openalex.org/W2611409191","https://openalex.org/W2261296608","https://openalex.org/W1972512615","https://openalex.org/W2028519728"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
