{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2018288752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ac049156y","title":"Bacillus globigii Bugbeads: A Model Simulant of a Bacterial Spore","display_name":"Bacillus globigii Bugbeads: A Model Simulant of a Bacterial Spore","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2018288752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ac049156y","mag":"2018288752","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15649052"},"language":"he","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/ac049156y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ac049156y","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ac049156y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S191963794","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry","issn_l":"0003-2700","issn":["0003-2700","1520-6882"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Analytical Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113563830","display_name":"Svetlana Farrell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Svetlana Farrell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109993776","display_name":"H. Brian Halsall","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Brian Halsall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057796984","display_name":"William R. Heineman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2428-5445","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2428-5445"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"William R. Heineman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057796984"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"],"apc_list":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1952,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42348901,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"77","issue":"2","first_page":"549","last_page":"555"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11515","display_name":"Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research","score":0.9467999935150146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11515","display_name":"Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research","score":0.9467999935150146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11393","display_name":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","score":0.02800000086426735,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12867","display_name":"Advanced Biosensing Techniques and Applications","score":0.015699999406933784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacillus-globigii","display_name":"Bacillus globigii","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulants","display_name":"simulants","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-disruption","display_name":"mechanical disruption","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-conjugation","display_name":"protein conjugation","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polystyrene-microspheres","display_name":"polystyrene microspheres","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bead-based-immunoassay","display_name":"bead-based immunoassay","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorescence-immunoassay","display_name":"fluorescence immunoassay","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spore-detection","display_name":"spore detection","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunorecognition","display_name":"immunorecognition","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spore-forming-bacteria","display_name":"spore-forming bacteria","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/method-validation","display_name":"method validation","score":0.4449999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.7922318577766418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.7250638008117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174618031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177332","display_name":"Spore","level":2,"score":0.6420626044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.6323530673980713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72673979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17003157","display_name":"Bicinchoninic acid assay","level":2,"score":0.6268271207809448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780239966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614156","display_name":"Bacillus anthracis","level":3,"score":0.602973997592926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160845552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q247562","display_name":"Bradford protein assay","level":2,"score":0.5415534973144531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119128265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900165","display_name":"Detection limit","level":2,"score":0.5371471047401428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109386097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053956","display_name":"Bead","level":2,"score":0.4920918345451355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39833","display_name":"Microorganism","level":3,"score":0.45694833993911743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775997276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420241","display_name":"Carbodiimide","level":2,"score":0.4494546949863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777897731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424430","display_name":"Whey protein","level":2,"score":0.41688960790634155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.39234912395477295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.24730831384658813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.23182880878448486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.104651540517807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000942","descriptor_name":"Antigens, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001407","descriptor_name":"Bacillus","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001407","descriptor_name":"Bacillus","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001426","descriptor_name":"Bacterial Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004591","descriptor_name":"Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004797","descriptor_name":"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007118","descriptor_name":"Immunoassay","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008855","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Electron, Scanning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008863","descriptor_name":"Microspheres","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013171","descriptor_name":"Spores, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013171","descriptor_name":"Spores, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015153","descriptor_name":"Blotting, Western","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/ac049156y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ac049156y","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ac049156y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S191963794","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry","issn_l":"0003-2700","issn":["0003-2700","1520-6882"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Analytical Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15649052","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15649052","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Analytical chemistry","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W627692629","https://openalex.org/W1598598751","https://openalex.org/W1621782906","https://openalex.org/W1775749144","https://openalex.org/W1988444924","https://openalex.org/W2013687439","https://openalex.org/W2026753536","https://openalex.org/W2046433687","https://openalex.org/W2058420239","https://openalex.org/W2091311789","https://openalex.org/W2101646711","https://openalex.org/W2119982021","https://openalex.org/W2125755299","https://openalex.org/W2134264935","https://openalex.org/W2144217083","https://openalex.org/W2155380898"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2101646711","https://openalex.org/W1983825488","https://openalex.org/W2074106579","https://openalex.org/W1999447907","https://openalex.org/W2246831766","https://openalex.org/W239926326","https://openalex.org/W1553319437","https://openalex.org/W1992814794","https://openalex.org/W269549158","https://openalex.org/W1913006515"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nonpathogenic":[0],"microorganisms":[1,182],"are":[2],"often":[3],"used":[4,196],"as":[5,184],"simulants":[6,20,178],"of":[7,14,28,31,67,72,114,150,156,167],"biological":[8],"pathogens":[9],"during":[10],"the":[11,22,29,64,122,157],"initial":[12],"phase":[13],"detection":[15,145,148],"method":[16,102,198],"development.":[17],"While":[18],"these":[19],"approximate":[21],"size,":[23],"shape,":[24],"and":[25,53,84,88,95,110,189,202],"cellular":[26],"organization":[27],"microorganism":[30],"interest,":[32],"they":[33],"do":[34],"not":[35],"resemble":[36],"its":[37],"surface":[38,66],"protein":[39,74,81,109],"content,":[40],"a":[41,111,139,147,168],"factor":[42],"particularly":[43],"important":[44],"in":[45,106],"methods":[46,71],"based":[47],"on":[48],"immunorecognition.":[49],"Here,":[50],"we":[51],"develop":[52],"detect":[54],"an":[55],"artificial":[56,170],"bacterial":[57],"spore--B.":[58],"globigii":[59],"(BG)":[60],"Bugbead-a":[61],"particle":[62],"mimicking":[63],"antigenic":[65],"BG":[68,116,133],"spores.":[69],"Two":[70],"spore":[73,171],"extraction":[75,91,96],"were":[76,118,135],"compared":[77],"both":[78],"quantitatively":[79],"(by":[80,86],"concentration":[82],"assay)":[83],"qualitatively":[85],"SDS-PAGE":[87],"Western":[89],"blot):":[90],"by":[92,97,120,138,163],"mechanical":[93],"disruption":[94],"chemical":[98],"decoating.":[99],"The":[100,165],"former":[101],"was":[103,161],"more":[104,108],"efficient":[105],"producing":[107],"greater":[112],"number":[113],"antigens.":[115],"Bugbeads":[117,134],"made":[119],"conjugating":[121],"extracted":[123],"proteins":[124],"to":[125,175,194],"0.8-microm":[126],"carboxyl-coated":[127],"polystyrene":[128],"particles":[129],"via":[130],"carbodiimide":[131],"coupling.":[132],"successfully":[136],"detected":[137],"bead-based":[140],"enzyme-labeled":[141],"immunoassay":[142],"with":[143,146],"fluorescence":[144],"limit":[149],"6.9":[151],"x":[152],"10(3)":[153],"particles/mL.":[154],"Formation":[155],"Bugbead-capture":[158],"bead":[159],"complex":[160],"confirmed":[162],"ESEM.":[164],"concept":[166],"harmless":[169],"can":[172,193],"be":[173,195],"applied":[174],"developing":[176],"improved":[177],"for":[179,197],"pathogenic":[180],"spore-forming":[181],"such":[183],"B.":[185,190],"anthracis,":[186],"C.":[187],"botulinum,":[188],"cereus,":[191],"which":[192],"validation,":[199],"instrument":[200],"calibration,":[201],"troubleshooting.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
