{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2018193359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sip.0.0031","title":"\u00c6lfric, the Maccabees , and the Problem of Christian Heroism","display_name":"\u00c6lfric, the Maccabees , and the Problem of Christian Heroism","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2018193359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sip.0.0031","mag":"2018193359"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/sip.0.0031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sip.0.0031","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sip.0.0031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111070283","display_name":"Studies in philology","issn_l":"0039-3738","issn":["0039-3738","1543-0383"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315743","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315743"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of North Carolina Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Philology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088124137","display_name":"John Halbrooks","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John Halbrooks","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088124137"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.7912,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95206123,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"106","issue":"3","first_page":"263","last_page":"284"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10595","display_name":"Medieval Literature and History","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1205","display_name":"Classics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10595","display_name":"Medieval Literature and History","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1205","display_name":"Classics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10362","display_name":"Biblical Studies and Interpretation","score":0.004699999932199717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13167","display_name":"Historical, Literary, and Cultural Studies","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1205","display_name":"Classics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judas-maccabeus","display_name":"Judas Maccabeus","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/christian-heroism","display_name":"Christian heroism","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heroic-literature","display_name":"heroic literature","score":0.4729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/erich-auerbach","display_name":"Erich Auerbach","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimesis","display_name":"mimesis","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/old-english-literature","display_name":"Anglo-Saxon literature","score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beowulf","display_name":"Beowulf","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-battle-of-maldon","display_name":"Battle of Maldon","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tacitus","display_name":"Tacitus","score":0.4490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/martyrdom","display_name":"martyrdom","score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/old-testament-interpretation","display_name":"Old Testament exegesis","score":0.4819999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.7915302515029907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193942","display_name":"Immortality","level":2,"score":0.728204071521759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778627824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178561","display_name":"Battle","level":2,"score":0.6886837482452393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.6477886438369751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.6017953753471375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51364203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1563532","display_name":"HERO","level":2,"score":0.5397511124610901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780822299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9165","display_name":"Soul","level":2,"score":0.5152881145477295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5016005039215088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.48865559697151184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777239683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157811","display_name":"Virtue","level":2,"score":0.48615238070487976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.4326525032520294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.42009419202804565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3564937114715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.2069000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.09542536735534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/sip.0.0031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sip.0.0031","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sip.0.0031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111070283","display_name":"Studies in philology","issn_l":"0039-3738","issn":["0039-3738","1543-0383"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315743","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315743"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of North Carolina Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Philology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/269836","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/269836","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W104302389","https://openalex.org/W390698261","https://openalex.org/W562695850","https://openalex.org/W602143042","https://openalex.org/W1573634799","https://openalex.org/W1966561997","https://openalex.org/W1978797932","https://openalex.org/W2017347663","https://openalex.org/W2020525583","https://openalex.org/W2027579228","https://openalex.org/W2034836018","https://openalex.org/W2046851808","https://openalex.org/W2050301375","https://openalex.org/W2069505551","https://openalex.org/W2317899910","https://openalex.org/W2808301571","https://openalex.org/W2961807618","https://openalex.org/W4248029171"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023478626","https://openalex.org/W7216973999","https://openalex.org/W2944680832","https://openalex.org/W2325575951","https://openalex.org/W4283123649","https://openalex.org/W7066646280","https://openalex.org/W2488305612","https://openalex.org/W2992531223","https://openalex.org/W7166730172","https://openalex.org/W2461281538"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u00c6lfric,":[0,435,480],"the":[1,4,13,20,24,31,40,52,70,74,78,82,86,113,130,143,149,155,162,165,168,171,175,184,200,206,226,232,236,242,245,249,290,295,299,335,349,358,371,387,438,441,489,496,499,509,527,540,551,557,578,584,599,602,607,617,621,626,629,643,651,669,672,675,686,692],"Maccabees,":[2,500],"and":[3,35,50,54,81,104,111,127,196,234,244,282,292,303,343,354,381,420,462,486,521,543,590,593,606,662,671,679],"Problem":[5],"of":[6,12,16,23,33,38,44,56,73,77,85,93,98,107,145,151,161,167,173,186,205,228,238,273,315,404,414,440,453,495,498,519,539,560,577,588,642,666,674,688,691],"Christian":[7,372,490,569,575,609],"Heroism":[8],"John":[9],"Halbrooks":[10],"Much":[11],"biblical":[14,203,279],"story":[15,176,497,528,676],"judas":[17,94],"Machabeus":[18],"in":[19,60,222,278,562,625,645,677],"first":[21,366],"book":[22],"Maccabees":[25,207,367,670],"reads":[26],"like":[27],"heroic":[28,48,388,586],"literature.":[29,681],"Like":[30,109,153],"poets":[32],"Beowulf":[34,110],"The":[36,89,121,189,202,323,374,464],"Battle":[37],"Maldon,":[39],"writer":[41,190,375],"celebrates":[42],"deeds":[43],"martial":[45,484,541],"prowess,":[46],"praises":[47],"virtue,":[49],"narrates":[51],"rise":[53],"fall":[55,212],"a":[57,61,159,255,265,268,271,306,316,330,391,395,402,412,415,457,472,517,533,574],"great":[58],"man":[59],"direct,":[62],"vivid":[63],"style,":[64,251],"which":[65,224,655],"is":[66,124,253,421,657],"far":[67,313],"removed":[68],"from":[69,470],"elliptical":[71],"narrative":[72,204,280,510,552,627],"early":[75],"books":[76],"Old":[79],"Testament":[80],"gnomic":[83],"passages":[84],"synoptic":[87],"Gospels.":[88],"text":[90,131,156,396,458,473,644],"offers":[91,177],"scenes":[92],"arming":[95],"himself,":[96],"accounts":[97],"venerable":[99],"swords,":[100],"clarion":[101],"battle":[102],"speeches,":[103],"stirring":[105],"descriptions":[106],"combat.":[108],"Byrhtnoth,":[112],"hero":[114],"sacrifices":[115],"himself":[116],"to":[117,133,211,310,329,348,446,503,511,546,564,568,615],"protect":[118],"his":[119,187,493,513,664],"people.":[120],"writer's":[122],"meaning":[123],"never":[125,128,157,264,267,270],"obscure,":[126],"does":[129,208,397],"seem":[132,210],"invite":[134],"subtle,":[135],"exegetical":[136,327],"interpretation.":[137],"Indeed,":[138],"at":[139,437],"times":[140],"it":[141,566],"recalls":[142],"clarity":[144],"Tacitus":[146],"more":[147,314,341],"than":[148,183,334],"mystery":[150],"Genesis.":[152],"Beowulf,":[154],"introduces":[158],"doctrine":[160],"salvation":[163],"or":[164,262,379,410],"immortality":[166,179],"soul.":[169],"Upon":[170],"death":[172],"judas,":[174],"no":[178,383],"for":[180,357,370,390,434,479,668],"him":[181,545,614],"other":[182],"remembrance":[185],"deeds.":[188],"even":[191],"avoids":[192],"mentioning":[193],"God":[194],"altogether":[195],"instead":[197],"concentrates":[198],"on":[199],"Law.":[201],"not":[209,398],"easily":[213,400],"into":[214,401],"Erich":[215],"Auerbach's":[216,363],"stylistic":[217,520],"paradigm":[218],"that":[219,311,418,455,474,482,536,620,632],"he":[220,525,555,572,597],"outlines":[221],"Mimesis,":[223],"imagines":[225],"history":[227,417],"Western":[229],"literature":[230],"as":[231,411],"dichotomy":[233],"eventually":[235],"synthesis":[237],"two":[239],"opposing":[240],"styles:":[241],"classical":[243,250,579],"biblical.":[246],"1":[247],"In":[248,492],"\"never":[252],"there":[254],"form":[256],"left":[257],"fragmentary":[258,293],"[End":[259,658],"Page":[260,659],"263]":[261],"half-illuminated,":[263],"lacuna,":[266],"gap,":[269],"glimpse":[272],"unplumbed":[274],"depths.\"":[275],"2":[276],"Conversely,":[277],"\"thoughts":[281],"feeling":[283],"remain":[284],"unexpressed,":[285],"are":[286,340],"only":[287],"suggested":[288],"by":[289,423,507,531],"silence":[291],"speeches;":[294],"whole,":[296],"permeated":[297],"with":[298,320,449,583],"most":[300,595],"unrelieved":[301],"suspense":[302],"directed":[304],"toward":[305],"single":[307],"goal":[308],"(and":[309],"extent":[312,333],"unity),":[317],"remains":[318],"'fraught":[319],"background.'\"":[321],"3":[322],"latter":[324],"style":[325,535],"allows":[326,544,613],"interpretation":[328,549],"much":[331,538],"greater":[332],"former":[336],"because":[337,344],"its":[338],"meanings":[339],"obscure":[342],"this":[345,504,611],"obscurity":[346],"suggests":[347,382],"careful,":[350],"initiated":[351],"reader":[352,466],"profound":[353,384],"mysterious":[355,380],"significance":[356],"faithful.":[359],"If":[360],"we":[361],"accept":[362],"premise,":[364],"then":[365],"presents":[368],"problems":[369],"exegete.":[373],"leaves":[376],"nothing":[377],"veiled":[378],"truths":[385],"beyond":[386],"fight":[389],"righteous":[392],"cause.":[393],"Such":[394,425],"fit":[399,512],"pattern":[403],"what":[405],"Auerbach":[406],"calls":[407],"\"figural":[408,618],"interpretation\"":[409,619],"part":[413],"universal":[416],"anticipates":[419],"fulfilled":[422],"Christ.":[424],"an":[426],"interpretive":[427,514],"problem":[428],"would":[429,475],"have":[430,460,476],"been":[431,477],"especially":[432],"difficult":[433],"writing":[436,661],"turn":[439],"eleventh":[442],"century,":[443],"who":[444],"had":[445],"contend":[447],"also":[448],"native":[450,558],"English":[451],"ideas":[452],"heroism":[454,561],"such":[456,471],"might":[459,467],"invoked":[461],"encouraged.":[463],"uneducated":[465],"take":[468],"lessons":[469,481],"unacceptable":[478],"valorize":[483],"prowess":[485],"pride":[487],"over":[488],"virtues.":[491],"version":[494],"\u00c6lfric":[501,656],"responds":[502],"potential":[505],"misreading":[506],"reshaping":[508],"agenda":[515],"through":[516,529],"range":[518],"rhetorical":[522],"strategies.":[523],"first,":[524],"transforms":[526],"abbreviatio":[530],"using":[532],"condensed":[534],"elides":[537],"material":[542],"incorporate":[547],"proper":[548],"within":[550,654],"itself.":[553],"furthermore,":[554],"invokes":[556],"sense":[559,576],"order":[563],"redefine":[565],"according":[567],"ethics;":[570],"specifically,":[571],"implies":[573],"virtue":[580],"pietas,":[581],"along":[582],"expected":[585],"virtues":[587],"sapientia":[589],"fortitudo.":[591],"Finally,":[592],"perhaps":[594],"crucially,":[596],"emphasizes":[598],"difference":[600,612],"between":[601],"old":[603],"Jewish":[604],"law":[605],"new":[608],"law;":[610],"claim":[616],"physical":[622],"war":[623,631],"described":[624],"prefigures":[628],"spiritual":[630],"Christians":[633],"must":[634],"now":[635],"fight.":[636],"Before":[637],"I":[638,647],"analyze":[639],"these":[640],"aspects":[641],"detail,":[646],"will":[648,684],"briefly":[649],"describe":[650],"hagiographical":[652],"tradition":[653],"264]":[660],"survey":[663],"use":[665],"sources":[667],"place":[673],"tenth-":[678],"eleventh-century":[680],"This":[682],"contextualization":[683],"clarify":[685],"singularity":[687],"\u00c6lfric's":[689],"treatment":[690],"narrative...":[693]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
