{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2018095576","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1522-8649(97)50064-3","title":"Henry Knowles Beecher and The Redefinition of Death","display_name":"Henry Knowles Beecher and The Redefinition of Death","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2018095576","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1522-8649(97)50064-3","mag":"2018095576"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s1522-8649(97)50064-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1522-8649(97)50064-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1522-8649(97)50064-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764931878","display_name":"Bulletin of Anesthesia History","issn_l":"1522-8649","issn":["1522-8649","2588-8927"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bulletin of Anesthesia History","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113619396","display_name":"Vincent Joseph Kopp","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vincent J. Kopp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology and Pediatrics, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Social Medicine Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology and Pediatrics, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Social Medicine Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113619396"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"6","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12990","display_name":"Medical History and Innovations","score":0.8598999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12990","display_name":"Medical History and Innovations","score":0.8598999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.044599998742341995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13735","display_name":"History of Medical Practice","score":0.024399999529123306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/definition-of-death","display_name":"definition of death","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-death","display_name":"brain death","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-ethics","display_name":"medical ethics","score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-anesthesia","display_name":"history of anesthesia","score":0.6460000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777496998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1536587","display_name":"Miller","level":2,"score":0.7684675455093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776024401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140925","display_name":"Creed","level":2,"score":0.7479321956634521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778692574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5410500","display_name":"Faith","level":2,"score":0.7136586904525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.4845213294029236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4749079942703247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.4226109981536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.39615941047668457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.36747997999191284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74916050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090","display_name":"Classics","level":1,"score":0.33848145604133606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.2049766480922699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.19087496399879456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s1522-8649(97)50064-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1522-8649(97)50064-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1522-8649(97)50064-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764931878","display_name":"Bulletin of Anesthesia History","issn_l":"1522-8649","issn":["1522-8649","2588-8927"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bulletin of Anesthesia History","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/906850","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/906850","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eweb:181150","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2142403158"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2101060918","https://openalex.org/W2769112495","https://openalex.org/W4320802751","https://openalex.org/W7214629903","https://openalex.org/W7219184780","https://openalex.org/W6894068898","https://openalex.org/W2904553481","https://openalex.org/W1980265579","https://openalex.org/W2914844296","https://openalex.org/W2286447542"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}