{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017974549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02942597","title":"Automated explanation for educational applications","display_name":"Automated explanation for educational applications","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017974549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02942597","mag":"2017974549"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf02942597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02942597","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02942597","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55310782","display_name":"Journal of Computing in Higher Education","issn_l":"1042-1726","issn":["1042-1726","1867-1233"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing in Higher Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2017974549"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090478854","display_name":"Daniel D. Suthers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7510-155X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7510-155X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel D. Suthers","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090478854"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":"36","last_page":"61"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9564999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9564999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.011099999770522118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.006800000090152025,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/explanation-generation","display_name":"explanation generation","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-assisted-instruction","display_name":"computer-assisted instruction","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-software","display_name":"educational software","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-science-education","display_name":"physical science education","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"question answering","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-based-learning-environments","display_name":"computer-based learning environments","score":0.6290000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6594120264053345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.5202051997184753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987136238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55614501","display_name":"Educational resources","level":2,"score":0.4255439341068268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4127580523490906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.40099284052848816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.25602465867996216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.13894885778427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12895256280899048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.11443981528282166}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf02942597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02942597","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02942597","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55310782","display_name":"Journal of Computing in Higher Education","issn_l":"1042-1726","issn":["1042-1726","1867-1233"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing in Higher Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu:10125/22943","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10125/22943","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401722","display_name":"ScholarSpace (University of Hawaii at Manoa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","host_organization_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8278999924659729}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W105856043","https://openalex.org/W177961265","https://openalex.org/W572320790","https://openalex.org/W1498406864","https://openalex.org/W1527150642","https://openalex.org/W1577491824","https://openalex.org/W1596303376","https://openalex.org/W1600021314","https://openalex.org/W1601803693","https://openalex.org/W1931019719","https://openalex.org/W1979840631","https://openalex.org/W1981582063","https://openalex.org/W1983302107","https://openalex.org/W2060482235","https://openalex.org/W2065275909","https://openalex.org/W2070016268","https://openalex.org/W2090881781","https://openalex.org/W2116392449","https://openalex.org/W2133365465","https://openalex.org/W2139443348","https://openalex.org/W2177314376","https://openalex.org/W2549755291","https://openalex.org/W4210962089","https://openalex.org/W6631430737"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4226167796","https://openalex.org/W4396670449","https://openalex.org/W4386200776","https://openalex.org/W44527158","https://openalex.org/W4389607477","https://openalex.org/W3156735127","https://openalex.org/W186728492","https://openalex.org/W6904012608","https://openalex.org/W3156067019","https://openalex.org/W7023247757"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}